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. 2016 Sep 2;6:32397. doi: 10.1038/srep32397

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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Ideal case (A) schematic representation of hallow curved shaft used in ideal case example with radius of curvature R, inner diameter D₁ and outer diameter D₂. (B) Percentage difference of critical strain in curved beam and straight beam model from that of finite element for various R/D₂ (C–E) contour plot of maximum principal strain for hollow curved beam R/D₂ = 3 based on straight beam (left figure), curved beam (middle figure) and finite element analysis (right figure).