Figure 3.

Effects of metformin on the expression of tight junction proteins in bEnd3 monolayers. A. bEnd3 cell monolayers were exposed to 1% O₂ hypoxic condition for six hours while incubated with metformin. B. bEnd3 cell monolayers were exposed to a recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; 50 ng/ml) while incubated with metformin for 12 h. The results are displayed in percentage after protein expression level was normalized to GAPDH expression level *p<0.01 compared with the control group. #p<0.01 compared with 0 mM metformin group.