TABLE 2.

Chromosomal Aberrations in RAW264.7 Cells After Exposure to Ambient Particular Matter

Treatment	Normal	Aberrant	Total Scored	CTB	CTE	Acentrics	Dic plus r	RbT	Total
Control	96.55 ± 9.12	3.45 ± 1.72	116	0.86 ± 0.86	0.0 ± 0.0	1.72 ± 1.22	0.0 ± 0.0	0.86 ± 0.86	3.45 ± 1.72
	(112)	(4)		(1)	(0)	(2)	(0)	(1)	(4)
Soil dust	95.83 ± 8.94	4.17 ± 1.86	120	3.33 ± 1.67	0.0 ± 0.0	1.67 ± 1.18	0.0 ± 0.0	0.83 ± 0.83	5.83 ± 2.20
5 µg/ml	(115)	(5)		(4)	(0)	(2)	(0)	(1)	(7)
Soil dust 50 µg/ml	75.24 ± 8.46	24.76 ± 4.86	105	28.57 ± 5.22	0.0 ± 0.0	7.62 ± 2.69	0.95 ± 0.95	0.0 ± 0.0	37.14* ± 5.95
	(79)	(26)		(30)	(0)	(7)	(1)	(0)	(38)
Road dust 5 µg/ml	93.33 ± 8.31	6.67 ± 2.22	135	2.96 ± 1.48	0.0 ± 0.0	0.74 ± 0.74	1.48 ± 1.05	1.48 ± 1.05	6.67 ± 2.22
	(126)	(9)		(4)	(0)	(1)	(2)	(2)	(9)
Road dust 50 µg/ml	92.47 ± 7.96	7.53 ± 2.27	146	4.11 ± 1.68	0.0 ± 0.0	2.05 ± 1.19	0.68 ± 0.68	0.68 ± 0.68	7.53 ± 2.27
	(135)	(11)		(6)	(0)	(3)	(1)	(1)	(11)
Pollen	94.17 ± 8.86	5.83 ± 2.20	120	4.17 ± 1.86	0.0 ± 0.0	0.83 ± 0.83	0.83 ± 0.83	0.0 ± 0.0	5.83 ± 2.20
50 µg/ml	(113)	(7)		(5)	(0)	(1)	(1)	(0)	(7)

Aberration percentage ± SE (total number aberration observed) detected in RAW cells after 72 h of exposure to different concentrations of PM. Standard errors on the aberration percentage were calculated by √a/A, where “a” is the number under consideration, and “A” is the total number of cells analyzed (Lee et al., 2005). The abbreviations used for chromosomal aberrations are according to international nomenclature (ISCN, 1978). CTB, chromatid-type break; CTE, chromosome-type exchange; Dic plus r, dicentric chromosomes plus ring chromosomes; RbT, Robertsonian translocation. Asterisks (*) denotes significant (P < .001) difference from control.