Table 2.
Methodological rigor of included studies (CASP Checklist)
| Study first author last name | Was there a clear statement of the aims of the research? | Is a qualitative methodology appropriate? | Was the research design appropriate to addess the aims of the research? | Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? | Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? | Has the relationship between researcher and participants been adequately considered? | Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? | Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? | Is there a clear statement of findings? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspin | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Audulv | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Bair | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Barker | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Bayliss | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Beauregard | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Becker | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Becker | Yes | Can’t tell | Can’t tell | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Becker | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Beverly | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Boeckxstaens | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Bova | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Bower | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Bremander | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Burles | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Carey | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Clarke | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Corsner | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Coty | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Drew | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | No |
| Edmonds | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Elliot | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Ellis | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes |
| Eton | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Feldman | No | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Can’t tell | Yes | Can’t tell | Can’t tell | Yes |
| Fisher | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Foster | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Gallant | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes |
| Garrett | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Gelling | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes |
| Gustaffson | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hodgson | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Jakobsen | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes |
| Janevic | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Janke | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Janke | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes |
| Jeon | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Jeon | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Jeon | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes |
| Jerant | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Jones | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes |
| Jowsey | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Keating | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Kirby | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Kneck | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Kouwenhoven | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Kvigne | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Liza | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Loeb | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lopez-Vargas | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lovely | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Manias | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Martini | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes |
| Matthias | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes |
| McCann | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| McCreaddie | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Medina | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Miles | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Mishra | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Monroe | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Morris | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | |
| Munce | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Nakano | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Can’t tell | Yes |
| Nelson | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Newbould | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Newcomb | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Noel | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| O’Hara | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Ohman | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Padgett | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Paulson | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Person | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Ravenscroft | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes |
| Reeve | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Riegel | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Rifkin | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Roberto | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Rogerson | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Sankar | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes |
| Sav | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Schmutte | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes |
| Schoenberg | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Sells | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Simmonds | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Skuladottir | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Smith | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Snelgrove | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Soderberg | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Soundy | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Taylor | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Tenhunen | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes |
| Thompson | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Thorpe | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Townsend | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Treloar | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Walden | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Warren-Findlow | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Wasley | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Can’t tell | No | Can’t tell | Yes | No | No |
| Webster | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Wendorf | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Wilkinson | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Williams | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | No | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Williams | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Williams | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Williams | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Wylde | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | No | Yes |
| Wyrwich | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Yang | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Zanchetta | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Zickmund | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |