. 2016 Sep 1;15(1):125. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0447-9

Table 2.

Crude and adjusted rate ratios for the risk of aortic aneurysm with oral antidiabetic drugs

	No. (%)		Odds ratio (95 % CI)
	Cases (n = 4468)	Control (n = 4468)	Crude	p value	Adjusted^a	p value
No metformin use^b	2882	2455	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Metformin use	1586	2013	0.64 (0.58–0.70)	<0.001	0.72 (0.64–0.80)	<0.001
No DPP-4 inhibitor use^b	4305	4281	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
DPP-4 use	163	187	0.85 (0.68–1.07)	0.168	1.07 (0.84–1.36)	0.582
No sulfonylurea use^b	2779	2412	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Sulfonylurea use	1689	2056	0.68 (0.62–0.75)	<0.001	0.82 (0.74–0.92)	0.001
No alpha-glucosidase inhibitors use^b	4077	3999	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors use	391	469	0.81 (0.70–0.93)	0.004	0.95 (0.81–1.11)	0.507
No thiazolidinedione use^b	4171	4065	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Thiazolidinedione use	297	403	0.70 (0.59–0.82)	<0.001	0.82 (0.69–0.98)	0.003

^aAdjusted for using alpha blocker, ACE inhibitor or ARB, beta blocker, calcium channel blocker, diuretics, antiplatelet agent, warfarin, statin, steroid, antidepressants, NSAID, and insulin

^bUse of one prescription at any time prior to the index date