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. 2016 Sep 1;9(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s13041-016-0262-y

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Excitatory responses of ACC neurons to flash stimuli. a Schematic of recording and visual stimulation. b Top, spontaneous firing and MP changes for an example cell; action potentials are truncated; black dash lines, resting potentials; gray dash line on shadowed area, firing threshold (defined as the MP value at which dV/dt > 10 V/s; see Methods). Bottom, shadowed area at (top) shown with high temporal resolution. c Firing threshold (from resting potentials; as illustrated in (b)) in the spontaneous events measured from 58 randomly selected neurons. d and e Average MP changes in response to the flash stimulus (top) and the corresponding Z-score values (bottom; the −2 ≤ values ≤ 2 are shadowed) (e). Time 0 is the time point of stimulus onset (arrows and dash lines)