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. 2016 Jul 19;44(15):7007–7078. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw530

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© The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 16. — Model suggesting −1 slippage during uncoupled translocation. smFRET experiments on a dnaX-derived motif show that slippage occurs during a state of single tRNA occupancy, where the P-site tRNA^Ala remains after translocation is uncoupled from E-site tRNA exit in an elongated pause state. This leads to a non-canonical structure of the ribosome where EF-G samples the ribosome >5 times per codon, in parallel with A-site sampling by the incoming tRNA^Lys. tRNA^Lys sampling defines the reading frame, and the non-canonical state is resolved by EF-G mediated translocation, resuming elongation in the −1 frame.