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. 2016 Jul 19;44(15):7007–7078. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw530

Figure 9.

Figure 9.

Non-cognate frameshifting. In extracts of E. coli with unperturbed tRNA balance, tRNAThr decodes a proline codon to cause −1 frameshifting that results in synthesis of a 66 K form of the viral encoded component, synthetase, of replicase. Increasing the relative amount of tRNAThr (red wedge) increases the proportion of 66 K with respect to the product of standard decoding (62 K). With elevated levels of tRNAThr (uniform thickness red line) increasing the amount of cognate tRNAPro (blue wedge) decreases the relative amount of 66 K. Anticodon bases 35 and 34 are complementary to the first and second proline codon bases. The normal anticodon of tRNAThr is in purple. A model with 1:6 anticodon loop stacking is discussed in (453). Reprinted in part from Atkins, J.F., Gesteland, R.F., Reid, B.R. and Anderson, C.W. (1979) Normal tRNAs promote ribosomal frameshifting. Cell, 18, 1119–1131 with permission from Elsevier.