Table 2. Amino acids encoded by codons eight to five 5′ of the frameshift site in diverse antizyme mRNAs. The antizyme 3 frameshift region is very different from all others in that it appears to lack all known stimulatory signals, and in heterologous mammalian cells gives a very low level of frameshifting. The identifiable signals in Zebra fish, D. rerio, retina and brain specific antizyme mRNA are intermediate in potential strength. For those mRNAs with a pseudoknot frameshifting stimulator 3 nts 3′ of the shift site, the pseudoknot is expected to be at the unwinding site and at the outer edge of the mRNA entrance channel when codons −2 to −4 are at the ribosomal P-site. For Cardiovirus -1 framshifting see Figure 3B).

		−8	−7	−6	−5
Saccharomyces cerevisiae		G	G	F
Schizosaccharomyces pombe	P	A	G	G	A
Coprinopsis cinerea (Mushroom)		S	G	G	P
Caenorhabditis elegans		P	G	D	V	G
Drosophila melanogaster		G	V	G	P
Danio rerio – long form (fish)	P	C	P	G	P
Danio rerio – short form		G	P	G	P
Danio rerio – brain & retina		A	P	G	P
Xenopus laevis (frog)		G	P	G	P
Gallus gallus (bird)		G	P	G	P
Mus musculus antizyme 1		G	P	G	P
Homo sapiens antizyme 1		G	P	G	P
Mus musculus antizyme 2		V	P	G	P
Homo sapiens antizyme 2		V	P	G	P
Mus musculus antizyme 3		P	C	S	C
Homo sapiens antizyme 3		P	R	S	C
Saffold cardiovirus
−1 frameshifting	T	N	P	G	P