Figure 2:

Recommender testing flow diagram. Each patient’s data is modeled as a timeline of discrete clinical item instances as in the left table. For a set of validation patients, items from the first 4 h of each patient’s timeline form a Query Set roughly corresponding to the patient’s emergency room encounter. Each Query Set is fed into a Recommender module to produce a ranked Recommended List of all candidate orders not already included in the Query Set. The Recommended List is compared against the Validation Set of orders that actually occur within 24 h.