Table 1:
Table of all variables used in the models
| Discrete variables | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factor | n (%) | Risk factor | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Demographics | Medications | Pre-admission | Admission | |||
| Gender (Male) | 1,557,832 (96.11) | NSAIDs | 321,074 (19.81) | 144,007 (8.88) | ||
| Race | ACEi | 642,820 (39.66) | 539,033 (33.26) | |||
| Am. In. – Alaskan | 17,189 (1.06) | Acyclovir | NA | 18,635 (1.15) | ||
| Asian-Pac. Island | 21,176 (1.31) | Aminoglycosides | 21,147 (1.30) | 28,558 (1.76) | ||
| Black | 300,500 (18.54) | Anhydrase Diuretic | 3,513 (0.22) | 3,256 (0.20) | ||
| Unknown | 47,467 (2.93) | Antiemetics | 79,017 (4.87) | 134,324 (8.29) | ||
| White | 1,234,566 (76.17) | AntiFungals | 49,602 (3.06) | 39,619 (2.44) | ||
| AntiTB | 7,285 (0.45) | 6,902 (0.43) | ||||
| Diagnoses | ARB | 108,014 (6.66) | 83,808 (5.17) | |||
| Alcoholism | 331,939 (20.48) | Benzodiazepines | 231,698 (14.29) | 337,596 (20.83) | ||
| ALD | 66,426 (4.10) | Beta Blockers | 753,325 (46.48) | 795,089 (49.05) | ||
| Anemia | 445,133 (27.46) | CCB | 402,007 (24.80) | 332,528 (20.52) | ||
| Cancer | 418,399 (25.81) | Cephalosporins | 92,969 (5.74) | 307,947 (19.00) | ||
| CDVD | 501,793 (30.96) | Cimetidine | NA | 2,579 (0.16) | ||
| CHF | 331,600 (20.46) | Cyclosporine | NA | NA | 3,151 (0.19) | |
| COPD | 555,156 (34.25) | Fluoroquinolones | 166,135 (10.25) | 119,340 (7.36) | ||
| CVA | 283,175 (17.47) | Glucocorticoids | 209,578 (12.93) | 229,212 (14.14) | ||
| DM | 651,663 (40.20) | Insulin | 229,855 (14.18) | 467,939 (28.87) | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 935,340 (57.71) | K-Sparing Diuretics | 131,195 (8.09) | 98,925 (6.10) | ||
| Hepatitis | 164,641 (10.16) | Lincomycin | 33,769 (2.08) | 35,151 (2.17) | ||
| HIV | 21,542 (1.33) | Lithium | NA | 13,433 (0.83) | ||
| HTN | 1,221,391 (75.35) | Loop Diuretics | 408,328 (25.19) | 424,737 (26.20) | ||
| MVR | 48,259 (2.98) | Macrolides | 108,658 (6.70) | 107,093 (6.61) | ||
| PVD | 316,570 (19.53) | MAOI | 254 (0.02) | 140 (0.01) | ||
| Dementia | 95,795 (5.91) | Nacetylcysteine | NA | 51,113 (3.15) | ||
| RA | 50,017 (3.09) | Nitrofurantoin | 15,603 (0.96) | 3,883 (0.24) | ||
| PUD | 95,404 (5.89) | Opioids | 869,296 (53.63) | 1,010,508 (62.34) | ||
| Hemiplegia | 68,459 (4.22) | Penicillins | 155,254 (9.58) | 249,273 (15.38) | ||
| Statins | 770,802 (47.55) | 691,968 (42.69) | ||||
| Other | Sulfa Antibiotics | 85,280 (5.26) | 28,324 (1.75) | |||
| CT Scan +Contrast | 117,750 (7.26) | TCA | 87,981 (5.43) | 57,823 (3.57) | ||
| CT Scan –Contrast | 245,623 (15.15) | Tetracyclines | 61,671 (3.80) | 27,588 (1.70) | ||
| Hypertension | 165,469 (10.21) | Thiazides | 259,583 (16.01) | 152,820 (9.43) | ||
| Hypotension | 133,712 (8.25) | Trimethoprim | NA | 21,848 (1.35) | ||
| Outcomes | Vancomycin | NA | 195,346 (12.05) | |||
| AKI: Stage 1+ | 128,457 (7.93) | |||||
| AKI: Stage 2+ | 15,684 (0.97) | |||||
| Dialysis | 1,940 (0.12) | |||||
| Continuous variables | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factor | Median (IQR) | Missing (%) | Risk factor | Median (IQR) | Missing (%) | |
| Demographics | Labs | |||||
| Admission Age | 65 (58–77) | 0.00 | Direct Bilirubin | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 75.65 | |
| Other | GGT | 47 (25–128) | 94.44 | |||
| Pre-Admit Mean BMI | 27.6 (23.9–32.1) | 4.02 | Glucose | 116 (97–151) | 0.81 | |
| Admit Mean BMI | 27.1 (23.2–31.7) | 27.15 | Hematocrit | 35.7 (31.3–39.9) | 0.53 | |
| Readmit Max. Temp. | 98.6 (98–99.3) | 14.00 | Hemoglobin | 12 (10.4–13.4) | 1.18 | |
| Admit Max. Temp. | 98.8 (98.3–99.7) | 2.44 | Delta Hemoglobin | 0 (0–11.6) | 1.20 | |
| NS IVF | 0 (0–0.73) | 0.00 | Lipase | 34 (21–88) | 83.05 | |
| 1/2 NS IVF | 0 (0–0.24) | 0.00 | MCH | 30.5 (29–32) | 1.17 | |
| LR IVF | 0 (0–0.06) | 0.00 | MCHC | 33.7 (32.9–34.3) | 0.71 | |
| Water IVF | 0 (0–0.19) | 0.00 | MCV | 90.6 (86.7–94.5) | 0.70 | |
| Mean Pre-Admit GFR | 69.8 (54.7–71.4) | 0.00 | ||||
| Labs | Pre-Admit GFR Count | 4 (2–7) | 0.00 | |||
| Albumin | 3.4 (2.9–3.9) | 25.32 | SD Pre-Admit GFR | 8.3 (5–12.9) | 29.92 | |
| Alkaline Phosphatase | 82 (64–109) | 25.56 | Mean Admit GFR | 78.2 (61.1–97.8) | 1.20 | |
| ALT | 23 (16–37) | 26.09 | SD Admit GFR | 6.8 (3.3–11.6) | 15.46 | |
| Ammonia | 37.8 (24–61) | 96.72 | Admit GFR Count | 3 (2–3) | 1.20 | |
| AST | 25 (19–38) | 26.97 | Delta Admit GFR | 0 (0–11.6) | 1.20 | |
| Bicarbonate | 26 (24–29) | 0.27 | Platelets | 205 (155–267) | 0.92 | |
| BNP | 284 (87–896) | 79.35 | Sodium | 138 (135–140) | 0.13 | |
| BUN | 15 (11–21) | 5.72 | Total Bilirubin | 0.7 (0.4–1) | 25.66 | |
| Calcium | 8.7 (8.3–9.1) | 6.50 | Troponin-I | 0 (0–0.1) | 63.12 | |
| Chloride | 103 (100–106) | 0.30 | Troponin-T | 0 (0–0) | 94.74 | |
| CK | 85 (48–168) | 66.91 | WBC | 8.1 (6.1–10.7) | 0.70 | |
| CK-MB | 2.6 (1.5–4.6) | 77.79 | ||||
Discrete variables including demographics, chronic diagnoses, medication rates, radiology tests, and outcomes of the analysis cohort. The columns represent the number of hospitalizations where each variable was present and the percentage of hospitalizations with each variable present. Continuous variables include demographics, laboratory tests, vital signs, body mass index (BMI), temperatures, and intravenous fluids (IVF). The columns represent the median, inter-quartile range (IQR), and the percentage of missing values.
NA, not available; CCB, calcium channel blocker; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; TB, tuberculosis; MAOI, monoamine oxidase inhibitor; TCA, tricyclic antidepressants; CHF, congestive heart failure; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; ALD, advanced liver disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; CDVD, cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MVR, mitral valve regurgitation; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; PUD, peptic ulcer disease; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CK, creatinine kinase; CK-MB, creatinine kinase-MB isoenzyme; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; WBC, white blood cell count; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; NS, normal saline; LR, lactate ringers; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; SD, standard deviation; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; CT, computerized tomography; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; AKI, acute kidney injury.