Table 4.
Multivariate associations between fish consumption (meals per year) and levels of nutrients, modeled using a quantile regression model for the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles.
| Beta (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor | Response | 10th percentile | 50th percentile | 90th percentile |
| All commercially purchased fish (store, restaurant) | DHA | 0.063 (−0.136, 0.152) | 0.173 (−0.116, 0.353) | 0.531 (−0.022, 1.548) |
| Locally-caught fish – Great Lakes and AOCs | 0.033 (−0.480, 0.195) | 0.025 (−0.128, 0.277) | 0.430 (−0.253, 0.840) | |
| Locally-caught fish – other water bodies | −0.003 (−0.392, 0.066) | −0.071 (−0.210, 0.090) | −0.034 (−0.185, 0.688) | |
| Total lipids | 0.027 (0.002, 0.034) | 0.038 (0.002, 0.061) | 0.045 (−0.002, 0.159) | |
| Supplement (fish oil, cod liver oil, flaxseed oil, or other supplement including omega 3 fatty acids) | 6.084 (−1.029, 14.394) | 10.756 (2.912, 21.203) | 29.557 (8.170, 64.418) | |
| All commercially purchased fish (store, restaurant) | DPA | 0.009 (−0.226, 0.025) | −0.011 (−0.060, 0.033) | 0.008 (−0.059, 0.035) |
| Locally-caught fish – Great Lakes and AOCs | −0.017 (−0.083, 0.051) | 0.033 (−0.011, 0.052) | 0.014 (−0.039, 0.141) | |
| Locally-caught fish – other water bodies | −0.015 (−0.152, 0.016) | −0.006 (−0.062, 0.049) | −0.001 (−0.052, 0.076) | |
| Total lipids | 0.016 (0.005, 0.026) | 0.024 (0.017, 0.032) | 0.027 (0.022, 0.046) | |
| Supplement (fish oil, cod liver oil, flaxseed oil, or other supplement including omega 3 fatty acids) | 1.080 (−3.023, 3.483) | 3.632 (0.226, 5.528) | 5.593 (1.486, 8.416) | |
| All commercially purchased fish (store, restaurant) | EPA | −0.022 (−0.214, 0.087) | 0.019 (−0.051, 0.080) | 0.166 (−0.098, 0.700) |
| Locally-caught fish – Great Lakes and AOCs | 0.040 (−0.065, 0.046) | 0.047 (−0.067, 0.164) | 0.039 (−0.148, 0.370) | |
| Locally-caught fish – other water bodies | −0.002 (−0.134, 0.053) | 0.032 (−0.056, 0.097) | −0.057 (−0.147, 0.322) | |
| Total lipids | 0.005 (0.000, 0.016) | 0.010 (0.000, 0.026) | 0.036 (−0.010, 0.088) | |
| Supplement (fish oil, cod liver oil, flaxseed oil, or other supplement including omega 3 fatty acids) | 2.415 (−0.086, 7.673) | 10.012 (5.982, 13.776) | 23.510 (9.477, 39.661) | |
| All commercially purchased fish (store, restaurant) | Selenium | −0.100 (−0.219, 0.088) | −0.018 (−0.122, 0.134) | 0.058 (−0.059, 0.578) |
| Locally-caught fish – Great Lakes and AOCs | −0.040 (−0.172, 0.075) | 0.029 (−0.102, 0.112) | 0.141 (−0.119, 0.534) | |
| Locally-caught fish – other water bodies | −0.061 (−0.194, 0.059) | −0.039 (−0.231, 0.046) | −0.105 (−0.159, 0.461) | |
| Total lipids | 0.005 (−0.003, 0.033) | 0.020 (0.001, 0.030) | 0.020 (−0.007, 0.051) | |
| Selenium supplement or multi-vitamin with selenium added | 2.557 (−3.480, 7.507) | 5.430 (−7.074, 13.236) | 10.620 (6.782, 32.668) | |
| All commercially purchased fish (store, restaurant) | Vitamin D | 0.029 (−0.264, 0.059) | −0.025 (−0.069, 0.065) | 0.051 (−0.139, 0.289) |
| Locally-caught fish – Great Lakes and AOCs | 0.013 (−0.033, 0.104) | 0.109 (0.028, 0.196) | 0.161 (−0.005, 0.361) | |
| Locally-caught fish – other water bodies | 0.027 (−0.207, 0.040) | 0.008 (−0.041, 0.085) | −0.004 (−0.109, 0.183) | |
| Total lipids | 0.004 (−0.019, 0.012) | −0.003 (−0.009, 0.008) | −0.004 (−0.019, 0.015) | |
| Vitamin D supplement or multi-vitamin with Vitamin D included | 5.879 (1.255, 9.962) | 4.296 (0.896, 7.329) | 4.819 (−2.039, 14.480) | |
*
Supplement usage is modeled as ‘rarely/never’ versus all other frequencies of usage (1–3 times a month, once a week, 2–6 times a week, or daily). Bold font indicates an association that is statistically significant at the p<0.05 level. Total serum lipids estimated as: (2.27 * total cholesterol) + (triglycerides) + (62.3).