Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the study group (n=161).
| Variable | Mean ±SD or n (%) |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64±11 |
|
| |
| Male gender | 150 (93.2) |
|
| |
| Height [cm] | 173±6.9 |
|
| |
| Weight [kg] | 88.6±19.8 |
|
| |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 29.4±5.9 |
|
| |
| SBP/DBP [mm Hg] | 124.2/74.6±17.4/12/0 |
|
| |
| Ischaemic etiology of HF | 106 (65.8) |
|
| |
| NYHA Class: | |
| NYHA I | 14 (8.7) |
| NYHA II | 94 (58.4) |
| NYHA III | 53 (32.9) |
|
| |
| Hypertension | 140 (87) |
|
| |
| Atrial fibrillation: | |
| Paroxysmal | 27 (16.8) |
| Permanent | 52 (32.3) |
|
| |
| Stimulation in ECG | 27 (16.8) |
|
| |
| ICD | 75 (46.6) |
|
| |
| CRT | 22 (13.7) |
|
| |
| Cardiac stimulator different from ICD/CRT | 16 (9.9) |
|
| |
| Medical history: | |
| Stroke/TIA | 10 (6.2) |
| Diabetes | 55 (34.2) |
| COPD | 23 (14.3) |
| eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 41 (25.9) |
|
| |
| Polygraphy | |
|
| |
| AHI [1/h] | 18.4±15.9 |
|
| |
| Mean SaO2 [%] | 92.8±1.9 |
|
| |
| ODI [1/h] | 18.6±15.4 |
|
| |
| No SDB or AHI <15/h | 89 (55.3) |
|
| |
| OSA with AHI ≥15/h | 21 (13) |
|
| |
| CSA/CSR with AHI ≥15/h | 51 (31.7) |
|
| |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |
| LVEF [%] | 32.8±7.0 |
| LVDd [cm] | 6.43±0.70 |
| LA [cm] | 4.78±0.57 |
| RVDd [cm] | 3.20±0.53 |
| E/e’ | 15.4±6.1 |
|
| |
| Haemodynamic parameters (ICG) | |
| SI [ml/m2] | 38.3±8.3 |
| CI [l/min/m2] | 2.54±0.52 |
| SVRI [dyn·s·cm−5·m2] | 2529.3±662.0 |
| TFC [1/kOhm] | 31.2±6.4 |
|
| |
| Pharmacotherapy | |
| B-blockers | 157 (97.5) |
| ACE-I | 148 (91.9) |
| ARB | 12 (7.5) |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 128 (79.5) |
| Diuretics | 144 (89.4) |
| Digoxin | 7 (4.3) |
| Amiodarone | 27 (16.8) |
Data presented as means ±SD or as a number (percentage). BMI – body mass index; SBP – systolic blood pressure; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; HF – heart failure; NYHA – New York Heart Association; ICD – implantable cardioverter-defibrilator; CRT – cardiac resynchronization therapy; TIA – transient ischemic attack; COPD – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate; AHI – apnea/hypopnea index; ODI – oxygen desaturation index; SDB – sleep-disordered breathing; OSA – obstructive sleep apnea, CSA – central sleep apnea, CSR – Cheyne-Stokes respiration; LVEF – left ventricular ejection fraction; LVDd – left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LA – left atrium; RVDd – right ventricular end diastolic diameter; E/e’ – the ratio of maximum velocity of the early inflow through the mitral valve and protodiastolic mitral annulus velocity; SI – stroke index; CI – cardiac index; SVRI – systemic vascular resistance index; TFC – thoracic fluid content; ACE-I – angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB – angiotensin receptor blocker.