Figure 2.

Immune responses following ChAd63/MVA ME-TRAP vaccinations in Gambian children. (a) Individual responses by dose of ChAd63 ME-TRAP 14 days after vaccination. Increases in response were significant in volunteers receiving 5 × 10¹⁰ vp i.m. compared with rabies vaccine (Groups 1d and 1e compared with 1c and 1f, P = 0.004, Kruskal–Wallis). Lines represent group median. (b) Individual responses 7 days after boosting with MVA ME-TRAP (day 63), responses among recipients of the higher dose of MVA (2 × 10⁸ pfu i.m.) increased significantly compared with rabies vaccination. Boosting with the lower dose of MVA (1 × 10⁸ pfu i.m.) also increased responses significantly in group 1a. There was no significant effect of priming or boosting dose on the magnitude of the ELISPOT response at day 63 (1a compared with 1b or 1d compared with 1e, two-tailed Mann–Whitney test). (c) Time course of median ELISPOT responses in 2–6 years old children receiving either ChAd63-MVA ME-TRAP or HDCRV. Abbreviations: ChAd63, chimpanzee adenovirus serotype63; ME-TRAP, multiple epitope–thrombospondin-related adhesion protein; MVA, modified vaccinia virus Ankara; pfu, plaque-forming units; vp, viral particles; i.m., intramuscularly; HDCRV, human diploid cell rabies vaccine. All comparisons between time points use Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn's multiple comparison test: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.