. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 2.

Published in final edited form as: J Hypertens. 2014 Jun;32(6):1222–1228. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000175

Table 2.

Hazard Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for the Association between Emotional Vitality (Continuous and Categorical Scores) and Incident Hypertension


	Hazard Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	p-value
Continuous
Model 1^a	0.95	0.91-0.99	0.02
Model 2^b	0.95	0.92-1.00	0.03
Model 3^c	0.96	0.92-1.00	0.03
Model 4^d	0.96	0.92-1.00	0.07
Categorical
Model 1^a
Low	Reference
Moderate	0.93	0.84-1.03	0.15
High	0.89	0.80-0.98	0.02
Model 2^b
Low	Reference
Moderate	0.93	0.85-1.03	0.19
High	0.89	0.81-0.99	0.03
Model 3^c
Low	Reference
Moderate	0.94	0.85-1.03	0.20
High	0.90	0.81-0.99	0.04
Model 4^d
Low	Reference
Moderate	0.92	0.83-1.02	0.11
High	0.91	0.82-1.00	0.06

Adjusted for age

Adjusted for demographics (age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, and grade of employment)

Adjusted for covariates in Model 2 and health status (diabetes, myocardial infarction)

Adjusted for covariates in Model 3 and health behaviors (smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise, fruit and vegetable consumption, body mass index)

Note. There were 6,384 participants and 2,304 cases in each model.