Table 1.
‘Fuji’-related cultivars and breeding lines used in the study
| Name | Parentage | Registrant | Registration Year | Citation | JP Accession No.c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ralls Janet | – | – | – | 169680 | ||
| Delicious | – | J. Hiatt (USA) | 1881 | 114041 | ||
| Fuji | Ralls Janet × Delicious | NIFTS | 1962 | Sadamori et al. (1963) | 114078 | ✓e |
|
| ||||||
| Aikanokaori | Fuji × Tsugarua | H. Fujimaki | 2001 | – | ✓ | |
| Akibae | Sensyu (Toko × Fuji) × Tsugaru | T. Odagiri | 1993 | – | ✓ | |
| Akita Gold | Golden Delicious × Fuji | AFTES | 1992 | Tanba et al. (1994) | 117539 | ✓ |
| Akitabeniakari | Orin × Sensyu (Toko × Fuji) | AFTES | 2005 | Ueta et al. (2011) | – | ✓ |
| Aori 3 | Toko × Richared Deliciousb | AITC | – | 169530 | ||
| Aori 13 | Richared Delicious × Tsugaru | AITC | 2003 | Kon et al. (2012) | – | |
| Aori 15 | Fuji × Aori3 (Toko × Richared Delicious) | AITC | 2004 | Kon et al. (2012) | – | ✓ |
| Aori 16 | (Akane × (Toko × Richared Delicious)) × Natsumidori | AITC | 2004 | – | ||
| Aori 21 | Fuji × Rei8 | AITC | 2008 | – | ✓ | |
| Aori 27 | Kinsei (Golden Delicious × Delicious strain) × Mahe7 ((Indo×Golden Delicious) × (Golden Delicious × Richared Delicious)) | AITC | 2008 | – | ||
| Catarina | Fuji × unknown | EPAGRI (BRA) | 1996 | 118411 | ✓ | |
| Cute | Sensyu (Toko × Fuji) × Tsugaru | Ishidou. Co. Ltd. | 2003 | – | ✓ | |
| Fast Lady | Sansa (Akane × ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) × Tsugaru | YPHES | 2009 | Niino et al. (2009) | – | |
| Gala | Kid’s Orange Red (Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious | D. W. McKenzie (USA) | 1974 | 114085 | ||
| Gunma Meigetu | Akagi × Fuji | GATC | 1991 | Nakajo and Horigome (1992) | 116869 | ✓ |
| Haruka | Golden Delicious × Delicious strain | K. Yokota | 2002 | |||
| Hida | Fuji × Golden Deliciousa | T. Sunabara | 1985 | 115772 | ✓ | |
| Himekami | Fuji × Jonathan | NIFTS | 1985 | Yoshida et al. (1985a) | 169714 | ✓ |
| Hinoazuma | Sensyu (Toko × Fuji) × Himekami (Fuji × Jonathan) | FATC | 2006 | – | ✓ | |
| Honey Queen | Megumi (Ralls Janet × Jonathan) × Sekaiichi (Delicious × Golden Delicious) | GATC | 1995 | Nakajo and Horigome (1995a) | 239699 | |
| Hoozuri | Fuji × Jonathan | FATC | 1996 | Sakuma et al. (1999) | 239697 | ✓ |
| Iwakami | Fuji × Jonathan | NIFTS | 1985 | Yoshida et al. (1985b) | 114453 | ✓ |
| Kanki | Sensyu (Toko × Fuji) × Tsugaru | S. Kudo | 1992 | – | ✓ | |
| Kaori (Romu50) | Richared Delicious × #111 | AITC | – | 169590 | ||
| Kidd’s Orange Red | Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious | J. H. Kidd (NZ) | 1924 | 114143 | ||
| Kinsei | Golden Delicious × Delicious strain | H. Sato | 1972 | 172634 | ||
| Kio | Orin × Sensyu (Toko × Fuji) | IARC | 1994 | Ito et al. (1994) | – | ✓ |
| Kitakami | Tohoku 2 × Redgold (Golden Delicious × Richared Delicious) | NIFTS | 1983 | Yoshida et al. (1982) | 114148 | |
| Kitaro | Fuji × Hatsuaki | NIFTS | 2000 | Soejima et al. (2012a) | – | ✓ |
| Kizashi | Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious) × Stark Earliest | NIFTS | 1991 | Yoshida et al. (1991) | 114525 | |
| Koukou | Hirodai 1 × Fuji | Y. Shiozaki | 1999 | – | ✓ | |
| Kotaro | Fuji × Hatsuaki | NIFTS | 2001 | Soejima et al. (2012b) | – | ✓ |
| Mahe7 | (Indo×Golden Delicious) × Redgold (Golden Delicious × Richared Delicious) | AITC | – | 169557 | ||
| Maoi | Mantet × HAC6 (Golden Delicious × (McIntosh×Red Delicious)) | HRO | 2004 | Yoshida et al. (2002) | – | |
| Megumi | Ralls Janet × Jonathan | AITC | 1950 | 114183 | ||
| Miki Life | Sensyu (Toko × Fuji) × Tsugaru | S. Kudo | 1992 | – | ✓ | |
| Morinokagayaki | Tsugaru × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious) | NIFTS | 2011 | – | ||
| Morioka 44 | Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious) × Akane | NIFTS | – | 114553 | ||
| Morioka 45 | Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious) × Akane | NIFTS | – | 114554 | ||
| Morioka 46 | Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious) × unknown | NIFTS | – | 114555 | ||
| Morioka 48 | Kitakami (Tohoku 2 × (Golden Delicious × Richared Delicious)) × Stark Earliest | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| Morioka 53 | Hatsuaki × Fuji | NIFTS | – | – | ✓ | |
| Morioka 54 | Hatsuaki × Fuji | NIFTS | – | – | ✓ | |
| Morioka 55 | Hatsuaki × Fuji | NIFTS | – | – | ✓ | |
| Morioka 58 | Hatsuaki × Fuji | NIFTS | – | – | ✓ | |
| Morioka 59 | Kitakami (Tohoku 2 × (Golden Delicious × Richared Delicious))× Hatsuaki | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| Morioka 60 | Hatsuaki × Starking Deliciousb | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| Morioka 61 | Tsugaru × Kitakami (Tohoku 2 × (Golden Delicious × Richared Delicious)) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| Morioka 64 | Iwaki × Sansa (Akane × ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| Morioka 65 | Orin × Sansa (Akane × ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| Morioka 66 | Sansa (Akane × ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious))× (Tsugaru × (Fuji × Jonathan)) | NIFTS | – | – | ✓ | |
| Morioka 67 | Tsugaru × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| Morioka 68 | Sansa (Akane × ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) × Sensyu (Toko × Fuji) | NIFTS | – | – | ✓ | |
| Morioka 69 | Sansa (Akane × ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) × Sekaiichi (Delicious × Golden Delicious) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| Morioka 70 | Sensyu (Toko × Fuji) × (Tsugaru× (Fuji × Jonathan)) | NIFTS | – | – | ✓ | |
| Morioka 71 | Fuji × Tsugaru | NIFTS | – | – | ✓ | |
| Narihoko | Golden Delicious × Fuji | T. Narita | 1985 | 172659 | ✓ | |
| Nero26 | #45 × Richared Delicious | AITC | – | 169581 | ||
| Ouka | Tsugaru × Priscilla (Starking Delicious × PRI610-2) | IARC | 2006 | Okudaira et al. (2003) | – | |
| Orei | Golden Delicious × Delicious | AITC | 1951 | 114218 | ||
| Ozenokurenai | Morioka 47 (((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious) × Akane) × Morioka 46 (((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious) × unknown) | GATC & NIFTS | 2009 | Horigome et al. (2010) | – | |
| Priscilla | Starking Delicious × PRI610-2 | PRI (USA) | 1972 | Williams et al. (1972) | 114242 | |
| Redgold | Golden Delicious × Richared Delicious | F. A. Schell (USA) | 1946 | 172646 | ||
| Rero11 | Toko × Richared Delicious | AITC | – | 169584 | ||
| Ro-125 | Ralls Janet × Delicious | NIFTS | – | 114545 | ||
| Ro-329 | Ralls Janet × Delicious | NIFTS | – | 114547 | ||
| Rose Pearl | Fuji × Pink Pearl | NIFTS | 2015 | – | ✓ | |
| Ruby Sweet | apple genetic resource (JP114069c) × Fuji | NIFTS | 2015 | – | ✓ | |
| Sansa | Akane × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious) | NIFTS | 1988 | Yoshida et al. (1988) | 114526 | |
| Seirin | Redgold (Golden Delicious × Richared Delicious) × Fuji | H. Oyamada et al. | 1990 | 115842 | ✓ | |
| Sekaiichi | Delicious × Golden Delicious | AITC | – | Yamada et al. (1989) | 172691 | |
| Sensyu | Toko × Fuji | AFTES | 1980 | Tanno et al. (1980) | 114288 | ✓ |
| Shinano Dolce | Golden Delicious × Sensyu (Toko × Fuji) | NFTES | 2005 | – | ✓ | |
| Shinano Gold | Golden Delicious × Sensyu (Toko × Fuji) | NFTES | 1999 | – | ✓ | |
| Shinano Hoppe | Akane × Fuji | NFTES | 2013 | – | ✓ | |
| Shinano Pucci | Tsugaru × Sansa (Akane × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) | NFTES | 2010 | – | ||
| Shinano Sweet | Fuji × Tsugaru | NFTES | 1996 | Komatsu et al. (1998) | – | ✓ |
| Sinsekai | Fuji × Akagi | GATC | 1988 | Nakajo (1990) | 115841 | ✓ |
| Syusei | Fuji × Tsugaru | IAFRC | 2005 | Nakano et al. (2003) | – | ✓ |
| Slim Red | Fuji × Akagi | GATC | 1995 | Nakajo and Horigome (1995b) | 239698 | ✓ |
| Toki | Orin × Fuji | Harada Shubyo Co. Ltd. | 2004 | – | ✓ | |
| 4-161 | Hatsuaki × Starking Delicious | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 4-547 | Fuji × Hatsuaki | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 4-4349 | Tsugaru × Iwakami (Fuji × Jonathan) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 5-3430 | Sensyu (Toko × Fuji) × Sansa (Akane × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 5-3645 | Sansa (Akane × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) × Tsugaru | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 5-5102 | Tsugaru × Fuji | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 5-5471 | Sansa (Akane × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) × Tsugaru | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 5-6393 | Akane × 4-23 (Fuji × ((Indo×Golden Delicious) × (Golden Delicious × Richared Delicious))) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 5-6716 | Tsugaru × Kizashi ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious) × Stark Earliest) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 5-7529 | Sansa (Akane × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) × Morioka 48 ((Tohoku 2 × (Golden Delicious × Richared Delicious)) × Stark Earliest) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 5-7572 | Sansa (Akane × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) × Kinsei (Golden Delicious × Delicious strain) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 5-12786 | Fuji × 8H-2-26d | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 6-2498 | Sansa (Akane × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) × Sekaiichi (Delicious × Golden Delicious) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 6-6832 | Sansa (Akane × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) × Morioka 48 (Tohoku 2 × (Golden Delicious × Richared Delicious)) × Stark Earliest) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 6-7621 | Sansa (Akane × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) × Coop 25 | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 6-7729 | Sansa (Akane × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) × Coop 29 | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 6-7810 | Sensyu (Toko × Fuji) × Coop 25 | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 6-8083 | Fuji × Coop 29 | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 6-8084 | Fuji × Coop 29 | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 6-8098 | Fuji × Coop 29 | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 6-8507 | Chinatsu × Morioka 48 (Tohoku 2 × (Golden Delicious × Richared Delicious)) × Stark Earliest) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 6-8572 | Akane × Shinano Sweet (Fuji × Tsugaru) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 6-8584 | Akane × Shinano Sweet (Fuji × Tsugaru) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 6-8585 | Akane × Shinano Sweet (Fuji × Tsugaru) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 6-8608 | Akane × Shinano Sweet (Fuji × Tsugaru) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 6-9706 | Chinatsu × 5-6716 (Tsugaru × ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious) × Stark Earliest) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 7-2170 | Sansa (Akane × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) × 5-12786 (Fuji × 8H-2-26) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 7-2241 | Sansa (Akane × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) × 5-12786 (Fuji × 8H-2-26) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 7-2286 | Sansa (Akane × Gala ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious)) × 5-12786 (Fuji × 8H-2-26) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 7-3635 | Shinano Gold (Golden Delicious × (Toko × Fuji)) × Morioka 64 (Iwaki × (Akane × ((Cox’s Orange Pippin × Delicious) × Golden Delicious))) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
| 7-3888 | Silken × Kotaro (Fuji × Hatsuaki) | NIFTS | – | – | ||
In the parentage, ‘Fuji’ and its parents (‘Ralls Janet’ and ‘Delicous’) are shown in bold.
a
Candidate paternal parents predicted in this study, with SNP genotypes, are shown in italics.
b
‘Richared Delicious’ and ‘Starking Delicious’ are sports of ‘Delicious’.
c
Accessions in National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Genebank (https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/index_en.php).
d
The origin is reffered by Moriya et al. (2009).
e
Accessions selected as superior descendants of ‘Fuji’ for the analysis of allele frequency were marked with ticks.
AFTES: Akita Fruit-Tree Experiment Station, AITC: Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, EPAGRI: Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (Brasil), FATC: Fukushima Agricultural Technology Center, GATC: Gunma Agricultural Technology Center, HRO: Hokkaido Reserch Organization, IAFRC: Ishikawa Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, IARC: Iwate Agricultural Research Center, NFTES: Nagano Fruit Tree Experiment Station, NIFTS: NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, PRI: Purdue, Rutgers, Illinois Co-op (USA), YPHES: Yamagata Prefectural Horticultural Experiment Station.