Table 3.

Adjusted associations with depression, n = 2,533.

Characteristic	Depressive symptoms (CESD ≥ 16) RR (95% CI)
Exposure to oil spill
Economic exposure	1.2 (1.02, 1.41)
Physical exposure	1.2 (1.01, 1.43)
Pre-oil spill household income (reference: ≤ 20,000 USD/year)
20,000–50,000 USD/year	0.7 (0.6, 0.8)
50,000–80,000 USD/year	0.5 (0.4, 0.7)
> 80,000 USD/year	0.4 (0.3, 0.5)
Race (reference: non-Hispanic white)
Non-Hispanic black	1.1 (1.0, 1.3)
Hispanic/multiracial/other	1.3 (1.1, 1.5)
Education (reference: less than high school)
High school graduate	0.7 (0.6, 0.8)
College or higher	0.6 (0.4, 0.7)
Age, years	0.99 (0.99, 1.00)
Abbreviations: CESD, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale; CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk.