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. 2016 Mar 8;124(9):1353–1360. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1510269

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Adjusted differences in eGFR per 2.1 μg/m³ interquartile range increase in 1-year PM_2.5 in subgroups according to participant characteristics. Associations were estimated in time-varying linear mixed-effect models of eGFR with random intercept for study participant after adjustment for time since first visit, age at first visit, BMI, total cholesterol, diabetes, coronary heart disease, ARB medication, ACEI medication, other anti-hypertensive medication, years of education, percentage below poverty level in census tract, parental homeownership, smoking status, cumulative pack-years smoked, and daily alcohol intake. Effect estimates presented for each subgroup were estimated from the nested interaction model. Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; CHD, coronary heart disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; P_int = p-value for interaction; PM_2.5, fine particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter.