Table 2.

Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for greenness and nonaccidental^a all-cause mortality in the Nurses’ Health Study (n = 108,630, with 8,604 deaths from 2000 to 2008).

Exposure metric	250-m buffer				1,250-m buffer
	Cumulative average greenness		Contemporaneous greenness		Cumulative average greenness		Contemporaneous greenness
	Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	Fully adjusted HR (95% CI)b	Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	Fully adjusted HR (95% CI)b	Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	Fully adjusted HR (95% CI)b	Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	Fully adjusted HR (95% CI)b
Quintile 1	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Quintile 2	0.91 (0.85, 0.97)	0.92 (0.86, 0.98)	0.96 (0.90, 1.03)	0.96 (0.90, 1.02)	0.96 (0.90, 1.02)	0.95 (0.89, 1.01)	0.96 (0.90, 1.02)	0.95 (0.89, 1.01)
Quintile 3	0.88 (0.83, 0.94)	0.90 (0.84, 0.96)	0.93 (0.87, 0.99)	0.93 (0.87, 0.99)	0.95 (0.89, 1.01)	0.94 (0.88, 1.01)	0.95 (0.89, 1.01)	0.94 (0.88, 1.01)
Quintile 4	0.91 (0.85, 0.97)	0.94 (0.88, 1.00)	0.87 (0.82, 0.93)	0.89 (0.83, 0.95)	0.93 (0.87, 1.00)	0.94 (0.88, 1.01)	0.93 (0.87, 1.00)	0.94 (0.88, 1.01)
Quintile 5	0.83 (0.77, 0.88)	0.88 (0.82, 0.94)	0.89 (0.84, 0.96)	0.93 (0.87, 0.99)	0.86 (0.81, 0.92)	0.89 (0.83, 0.96)	0.86 (0.81, 0.92)	0.89 (0.83, 0.96)
p for trendc	< 0.0001	0.002	< 0.0001	0.003	< 0.0001	0.004	< 0.0001	0.004
Continuous (per 0.1 unit)	0.83 (0.78, 0.89)	0.88 (0.82, 0.94)	0.97 (0.94, 1.00)	0.99 (0.95, 1.02)	0.84 (0.79, 0.90)	0.89 (0.83, 0.95)	0.96 (0.93, 1.00)	0.98 (0.94, 1.01)
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio. aExcludes International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) accidental codes E800–E999. bHazard ratios are adjusted for age and calendar year, race/ethnicity, smoking status, pack-years smoked, parental occupation, registered nurse (RN) degree, marital status, husband’s highest education, census-tract median home value, and census-tract median income. cBased on linear test for trend using the ordinal rank for each quintile.