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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Bone Miner Res. 2016 Apr 20;31(9):1652–1665. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2848

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Inhibition of HIF-1α abrogates BMP ligand-independent signaling and heterotopic ossification in a FOP mouse model. (A) Adenovirus-Cre induced deletion of HIF-1α in wild-type MEF cells markedly reduces SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation (n = 3). (B) Apigenin or (C) imatinib blocks BMP ligand-independent signaling in vitro (n = 3). (D) Apigenin or imatinib effectively reduces HEO and improves joint mobility in a caACVR1 FOP-like mouse model. Hypoxia and HIF-1α inhibition are significantly related to SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation and HEO by ANOVA (p < 0.01; interaction, p < 0.05). Post-hoc analysis: ****, p < 0.0001; ***, p < 0.001; **, p < 0.01; *, p < 0.05.