Table 1.
Sample Characteristics (N=206)
| Total (N = 206) | Living alone (n = 53) | Living with someone (N = 153) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60 (11.6) | 61 (11.6) | 59 (11.6) | 0.187 |
|
| ||||
| Female | 69 (33.5%) | 23 (43.4%) | 46 (30.1%) | 0.076 |
|
| ||||
| Education level, years | 13 (3.3) | 13 (2.9) | 13 (3.4) | 0.614 |
|
| ||||
| Ethnicity | 0.427 | |||
| White | 159 (77.2%) | 43 (81.1%) | 116 (75.8%) | |
| Minority | 47 (22.8%) | 10 (18.9%) | 37 (24.2%) | |
|
| ||||
| NYHA class | 0.650 | |||
| I/II | 91 (44.2%) | 22 (41.5%) | 69 (45.1%) | |
| III/IV | 115 (55.8%) | 31 (58.5%) | 84 (54.9%) | |
|
| ||||
| Ischemic etiology of HF (n=197) | 139 (70.6%) | 39 (78.0%) | 100 (68.0%) | 0.027 |
|
| ||||
| Chalson Comorbidity Index | 3.3 (2.0) | 3.7 (2.2) | 3.2 (1.9) | 0.124 |
|
| ||||
| Self-care | ||||
| Maintenance | 49.6 (22.5) | 46.9 (21.5) | 50.5 (22.9) | 0.314 |
| Management | 54.7 (21.3) | 52.6 (20.9) | 55.5 (21.4) | 0.407 |
| Confidence | 56.5 (22.0) | 49.2 (18.7) | 59.0 (22.6) | 0.005 |
|
| ||||
| Depressive Symptoms | 6.9 (5.6) | 8.0 (5.5) | 6.5 (5.6) | 0.098 |
|
| ||||
| Medications | ||||
| ACEI or ARB (n=204) | 158 (77.5%) | 39 (73.6%) | 119 (78.8%) | 0.434 |
| Beta Blocker (n=203) | 177 (87.2%) | 46 (88.5%) | 131 (86.8%) | 0.751 |
| Diuretics (n=203) | 154 (75.9%) | 40 (75.5%) | 114 (76.0%) | 0.938 |
| Antidepressants (n=203) | 50 (24.6%) | 17 (32.1%) | 33 (22.0%) | 0.143 |
Note. Values are mean (SD) or n (%).
NYHA=New York Heart Association; HF= Heart Failure; ACEI = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker