Table 2.

Multivariable analysis to predict number of PSA tests and biopsies during active surveillance in the (a) overall population (n=5192) and (b) the contemporary low-risk subset (n=1391).

(a)
Variable	PSA OR (95% CI), p-value	Biopsy OR (95% CI), p-value
Age
<70	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
70–79	1.0 (0.96 – 1.04), 0.86	0.91 (0.87 – 0.95), <0.0001
80+	0.99 (0.91 – 1.07), 0.80	0.86 (0.82 – 0.90), <0.0001
Race
White	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Black	0.93 (0.84 – 1.03), 0.17	0.97 (0.91 – 1.02), 0.25
Other/Missing	0.92 (0.81 – 1.04), 0.17	0.94 (0.89 – 0.99), 0.02
Charlson comorbidity index
0	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
1+	0.97 (0.93 – 1.01), 0.18	0.93 (0.90 – 0.97), 0.002
Income level
Below median	0 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Above Median	1.01 (0.99 – 1.03), 0.21	1.01 (1.00 – 1.02), 0.02
Married	0.99 (0.92 – 1.06), 0.76	0.96 (0.90 – 1.02), 0.21
Diagnosis year	1.01 (0.99 – 1.03), 0.19	1.13 (1.11 – 1.14), <.0001
Clinical stage
≤T2a	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
>T2a	1.09 (1.05 – 1.13), <.0001	0.99 (0.94 – 1.04), 0.71
Gleason score
≤6	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
>6	1.37 (1.27 – 1.48), <.0001	0.96 (0.92 – 1.00), 0.05

(b)
Variable	PSA OR (95% CI), p-value	Biopsy OR (95% CI), p-value
Age
<70	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
70–79	1.02 (0.95 – 1.08), 0.52	0.88 (0.81 – 0.94), 0.0006
80+	0.97 (0.91 – 1.04), 0.35	0.74 (0.69 – 0.80), <.0001
Race
White	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Black	1.00 (0.91 – 1.10), 0.99	1.03 (0.94 – 1.14), 0.58
Other/Missing	0.91 (0.78 – 1.05), 0.20	0.93 (0.86 – 1.01), 0.10
Charlson comorbidity index
0	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
1+	0.99 (0.92 – 1.07), 0.85	0.89 (0.84 – 0.94), <.0001
Income level
Below Median	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Above Median	1.02 (1.00 – 1.05), 0.06	1.01 (1.00 – 1.03), 0.09
Married	1.04 (0.94 – 1.15), 0.47	1.00 (0.92 – 1.09), 0.92
Diagnosis year	1.01 (0.99 – 1.03), 0.46	1.12 (1.10 – 1.14), <.0001