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. 2016 Jul 5;101(9):3429–3436. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-1911

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Figure 4. — Effects of naltrexone (NAL), NKB, and kisspeptin (KP) on ApEn. Five healthy male participants attended for eight separate study visits at least a week apart and received vehicle, NAL, NKB, and KP alone and in combination in random order. One-hour baseline blood sampling was conducted prior to starting the treatment. Ten-minute blood sampling was continued from the start of the treatment for 8 hours to measure gonadotrophins. Deconvolution analysis was used to determine ApEn for each study. The ApEn is a measure of orderliness of LH pulses (the lower the number, the more ordered the pulses in the time series).