Table 3.
HR Estimates of Incident Fracture Associated With Time-Varying Levels of Each Fasting Plasma Lipid
| Modelsb | HR (95% CI) for Incident Fractures Occurring 2–5 Y Latera |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TC (Per 50 mg/dl) | TG (Per 50 mg/dl) | ln(TG) (Per Unit Change)c | LDL-C (Per 50 mg/dl) | HDL-C (Per 10 mg/dl) | |
| Model 1: age, race/ethnicity, study site | 0.94 (0.79–1.11) | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | 1.37 (1.06–1.76) | 0.92 (0.75–1.12) | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) |
| Model 2: model 1 + menopausal stage, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, diabetes, BMId | 0.92 (0.77–1.10) | 1.06 (1.04–1.12) | 1.31 (1.00–1.71) | 0.93 (0.76–1.13) | 0.92 (0.83–1.01) |
| Full model: model 2 + lumbar spine BMD | 0.89 (0.74–1.08) | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 1.28 (0.97–1.70) | 0.88 (0.71–1.09) | 0.93 (0.84–1.02) |
Abbreviation: ln(TG), natural log-transformed TG.
Lipid level at a given visit i in relation to incident fracture risk between i + 2 and i + 5 y. Levels of TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C were not log-transformed because they showed normal distribution.
Model 2 and full model included time-varying covariates. Full model included potential confounders in model 2 and BMD (fracture risk factor and/or mediator).
1-unit change in ln(TG) represented 2.7-fold change in TG levels.
Time-varying menopausal stage (including exogenous HT use): postmenopause by bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, non-HT user; postmenopause by bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, HT user; natural postmenopause, non-HT user; natural postmenopause, HT user; early perimenopause; late perimenopause; premenopause; unknown because of HT use; and unknown because of hysterectomy.