Table 4.
Risk estimates for occupations reported by Cumberbatch et al., Reulen et al., Kogevinas et al., and ‘t Mannetje et al
| Cumberbatch et al. [53] (Meta-analysis of 217 studies) | Reulen et al. [62] (Meta-analysis of 66 cohort studies and 64 case–control studies) |
Kogevinas et al. [63] (Pooled analysis of 11 European CC studies) |
‘t Mannetje et al. [64] (Pooled analysis of 11 European CC studies) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Occupation | RRs (95 % CI) | Occupation | RRs (95 % CI) | Occupations (ISCO code*)[183] | RR (95 % CI) | Occupations (ISCO codes) | RR (95 % CI) |
| Occupations with statistically significant results | |||||||
| Tobacco workers | 1.72 (1.37–2.15) | Blacksmiths | 1.58 (1.05–2.36) | Working proprietors—wholesale and retail trade (41) | 1.33 (1.04–1.69) | Blacksmiths, toolmakers and machine-tool operators (83) | 1.9 (1.1–3.6) |
| Dye workers | 1.58 (1.32–1.90) | Blacksmiths and tool-makers | 1.22 (1.09–1.35) | Working proprietor—retail trade (41030) | 1.35 (1.02–1.79) | Lathe operator (83420) | 4.6 (1.1–19.2) |
| Chimney sweeps | 1.53 (1.30–1.81) | Building finishers | 1.16 (1.02–1.33) | Working proprietor—cafe. bar and snack bar (51050) | 2.2 (1.16–4.20) | Blacksmiths, toolmakers and machine-tool operators nec. (839) | 2.9 (1.3–6.3) |
| Nurses | 1.49 (1.06–2.08) | Domestic helpers | 1.39 (1.14–1.70) | Concierge—apartment house (55120) | 2.64 (1.10–6.32) | Field crop and vegetable farm workers (622) | 1.8 (1.0–3.1) |
| Rubber workers | 1.49 (1.37–1.61) | Dye makers | 1.14 (1.09–1.19) | Janitor (55130) | 2.28 (1.30–3.98) | Tobacco prepares and tobacco product makers (78) | 3.1 (1.1–9.3) |
| Waiters | 1.43 (1.34–1.52) | Furnace operators | 1.41 (1.11–1.79) | Nursery workers and gardeners (627) | 1.5 (1.07–2.10) | Tailors and dressmakers (791) | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) |
| Aluminum workers | 1.41 (1.29–1.55) | Glass-makers | 1.69 (1.13–2.52) | Other nursery workers and gardeners (62790) | 3.57 (1.24–10.29) | Other saleswomen, shop assistants and demonstrators (45190) | 2.6 (1.0–6.9) |
| Hairdressers | 1.32 (1.24–1.40) | Launderers | 1.72 (1.25–2.37) | Supervisor and general foreman—metal processing—(70030) | 2.11 (1.04–4.32) | Mail sorting clerk (37020) | 4.4 (1.0–19.5) |
| Printers | 1.23 (1.17–1.30) | Leather workers | 1.37 (1.10–1.70) | Supervisor and general foreman—manufacturing of machinery and metal products (70050) | 1.59 (1.05–2.42) | ||
| Seamen | 1.23 (1.17–1.29) | Machine-tool setters | 1.31 (1.12–1.53) | Miners, quarrymen, well drillers and related workers (71) | 1.26 (1.00–1.58) | ||
| Oil and petroleum workers | 1.2 (1.06–1.37) | Machinist | 1.16 (1.04–1.29) | Miners and quarrymen (711) | 1.3 (1.02–1.64) | ||
| Shoe and leather workers | 1.2 (1.12–1.29) | Mechanics | 1.20 (1.06–1.35) | Metal casters (724) | 1.96 (1.06–3.64) | ||
| Plumbers | 1.2 (1.14–1.27) | Metal processors | 1.24 (1.11–1.38) | Metal processers NEC (729) | 1.85 (1.15–2.97) | ||
| Sales agents | 1.17 (1.15–1.20) | Metal workers | 1.15 (1.01–1.32) | Knitters (755) | 2.56 (1.24–5.30) | ||
| Artistic workers | 1.16 (1.10–1.22) | Miners | 1.57 (1.21–2.03) | Knitting-machine operator-hosiery (75530) | 3.26 (1.26–8.40) | ||
| Cooks and stewards | 1.15 (1.08–1.22) | Motor mechanics | 1.39 (1.11–1.73) | Metal workers and machinists (832–835, 841, 849) | 1.16 (1.02–1.32) | ||
| Chemical process workers | 1.14 (1.10–1.19) | Paper-pulp workers | 1.29 (1.02–1.63) | Machine-tool setter-operators (833) | 1.5 (1.07–2.12) | ||
| Metal workers | 1.14 (1.11–1.18) | Rubber workers | 1.43 (1.18–1.71) | Metalworking machine setter—general (83305) | 2.27 (1.03–5.00) | ||
| Drivers | 1.14 (1.11–1.16) | Writers and artists | 1.34 (1.06–1.71) | Metalworking machine setter-operator—general—(83310) | 3.35 (1.19–9.44) | ||
| Fishermen | 1.13 (1.08–1.19) | Precision-grinding-machine setter-operator—(83370) | 5.21 (1.48–18.31) | ||||
| Painters | 1.13 (1.09–1.17) | Machinery fitters, machine assemblers and precision-instrument makers—except electrical (84) | 1.16 (1.01–1.34) | ||||
| Assistant nurses | 1.12 (1.04–1.20) | Automobile mechanic (84320) | 1.38 (1.02–1.87) | ||||
| Domestic assistants | 1.12 (1.07–1.18) | Machinery fitters, machine assemblers and precision-instrument makers—except electrical—NEC (849) | 1.27 (1.03–1.55) | ||||
| Launderers and dry cleaners | 1.12 (1.04–1.21) | Textile machinery mechanic (84945) | 2.86 (1.50–5.47) | ||||
| Public safety workers–police | 1.11 (1.07–1.16) | Other electrical fitters (85190) | 3.99 (1.10–14.51) | ||||
| Physicians | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) | Electric arc welder—hand (87220) | 2.27 (1.04–4.98) | ||||
| Clerical workers | 1.11 (1.10–1.13) | Printers and related workers (92) | 1.45 (1.07–1.97) | ||||
| Electrical workers | 1.11 (1.07–1.14) | Printing pressmen (922) | 1.81 (1.03–3.17) | ||||
| Military personnel | 1.11 (1.05–1.18) | Automobile painter (93960) | 1.95 (1.01–3.75) | ||||
| Mechanics | 1.11 (1.09–1.13) | Excavating-machine operator (97420) | 2.43 (1.18–5.00) | ||||
| Smelting workers | 1.11 (1.06–1.16) | Transport equipment operators (98) | 1.17 (1.02–1.34) | ||||
| Transport workers | 1.1 (1.06–1.13) | ||||||
| Glass makers, etc. | 1.1 (1.05–1.15) | ||||||
| Textile workers | 1.1 (1.06–1.14) | ||||||
| Waiters and bartenders | 1.1 (1.01–1.19) | ||||||
| Building caretakers | 1.09 (1.06–1.13) | ||||||
| Health care workers | 1.09 (1.06–1.12) | ||||||
| Food manufacturing workers | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | ||||||
| Postal workers | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | ||||||
| Packers, loaders, and warehouse workers | 1.08 (1.04–1.13) | ||||||
| Shop workers | 1.07 (1.05–1.10) | ||||||
| Technical workers, etc. | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | ||||||
| Economically inactive | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) | ||||||
| Religious and legal workers, etc. | 0.93 (0.88–0.97) | ||||||
| Forestry workers | 0.88 (0.86–0.90) | ||||||
| Teachers | 0.85 (0.82–0.87) | ||||||
| Gardeners | 0.78 (0.75–0.81) | ||||||
| Farmers | 0.69 (0.68–0.71) | ||||||
| Occupations with no statistically significant results | |||||||
| Beverage workers | 1.35 (0.84–2.16) | Architects and engineers | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | Medical doctors (061) | 0.82 (0.40–1.69) | Hairdressers, barbers, beauticians and related workers (57) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) |
| Iron and metal ware workers | 1.18 (0.98–1.42) | Armed forces | 1.09 (0.90–1.33) | Nurses (071–079) | 0.89 (0.51–1.56) | Chemical processors and related workers (74) | 0.6 (0.2–2.2) |
| Other health workers | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) | Bakers | 1.02 (0.54–1.92) | Teachers (13) | 1 (0.74–1.34) | Spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers and related workers (75) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) |
| Dentists | 1.09 (0.96–1.23) | Bricklayers | 1.15 (0.96–1.38) | Salesmen, shop assistants (45) | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | Shoe makers and leather goods makers (80) | 0.4 (0.2–1.1) |
| Welders | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | Building caretakers | 1.26 (0.88–1.80) | Cooks, waiters, bartenders (53) | 1..19 (0.91–1.55) | Metal working including toolmakers, machine-tool setter-operators, metal grinders and machinery fitters (832–835, 841, 849) | 1.5 (0.8–2.7) |
| Bricklayers | 1.05 (0.99–1.12) | Building frame workers | 1.08 (0.93–1.26) | Launderers, dry-cleaners and pressers (56) | 1.24 (0.67–2.31) | Rubber and plastics product makers (90) | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) |
| Miners and quarry workers | 1.05 (1.00–1.11) | Butchers | 1.38 (0.88–2.18) | Hairdressers (57) | 1.09 (0.70–1.70) | ||
| Laboratory assistants | 1.04 (0.92–1.18) | Cabinet makers | 0.98 (0.58–1.67) | Fire-fighters (581) | 0.66 (0.27–1.62) | ||
| Mixed occupations | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | Carpenters | 1.04 (0.80–1.35) | Farmers (61) | 0.94 (0.77–1.14) | ||
| Public safety workers–firefighters | 1.00 (0.90–1.12) | Cleaners | 1.25 (0.86–1.80) | Production supervisors and general foremen (70) | 1.1 (0.89–1.37) | ||
| Other construction workers | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | Clerks | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) | Metal processers (72) | 1.14 (0.93–1.39) | ||
| Engine and motor operators | 0.91 (0.55–1.51) | Cooks | 1.13 (0.93–1.38) | Sawyers, plywood makers and related wood-processing workers (732) | 1.51 (0.91–2.48) | ||
| Other workers | 0.48 (0.13–1.80) | Electricians | 1.04 (0.87–1.24) | Chemical processors (74) | 1.09 (0.82–1.45) | ||
| Firefighters | 1.26 (0.76–2.09) | Petroleum-refining workers (745) | 0.52 (0.10–2.69) | ||||
| Fishery workers | 0.81 (0.62–1.06) | Textile workers (75) | 1.05 (0.81–1.36) | ||||
| Food processors | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) | Butchers and meat preparers (773) | 0.99 (0.70–1.41) | ||||
| Forestry workers | 1.00 (0.80–1.24) | Food preservers (774) | 1.07 (0.34–3.32) | ||||
| Freight handlers | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) | Dairy product processers (775) | 1.26 (0.61–2.60) | ||||
| Gardeners | 1.19 (0.84–1.70) | Tailors, dressmakers, sewers, upholsterers (79) | 1.07 (0.77–1.49) | ||||
| Hand packers | 0.99 (0.70–1.41) | Leather workers (801–803) | 1.31 (0.89–1.94) | ||||
| Health professionals | 1.07 (0.87–1.31) | Motor-vehicle mechanics (843) | 1.16 (0.90–1.50) | ||||
| Managers | 1.39 (0.95–2.03) | Electrical fitters and related electrical and electronics workers (85) | 1.1 (0.91–1.34) | ||||
| Nurses | 0.90 (0.44–1.85) | Plumbers (871) | 0.98 (0.69–1.39) | ||||
| Plumbers | 1.23 (0.97–1.56) | Welders (872) | 1.22 (0.91–1.63) | ||||
| Police officers and guards | 1.03 (0.78–1.36) | Rubber workers (901, 902) | 1.18 (0.84–1.67) | ||||
| Printers | 1.10 (0.87–1.40) | Paper and paperboard product makers (91) | 0.96 (0.41–2.24) | ||||
| Protective service occupations | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) | Painters (93) | 1.17 (0.91–1.50) | ||||
| Sheet metal workers | 1.09 (0.57–2.07) | Asbestos cement product maker (94330) | 0.64 (0.16–2.49) | ||||
| Tailors | 1.33 (0.93–1.90) | Reinforced concreters, cement finishers and terrazzo workers (952) | 1.17 (0.86–1.59) | ||||
| Teaching professionals | 0.98 (0.70–1.37) | Roofers (953) | 0.72 (0.36–1.43) | ||||
| Tool-makers | 1.17 (0.86–1.59) | Carpenters, joiners and parquetry workers (954) | 1.04 (0.81–1.34) | ||||
| Welders | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | Plasterers (955) | 1.69 (0.84–3.41) | ||||
| Insulators (956) | 1.67 (0.61–4.59) | ||||||
| Construction workers NEC (959) | 0.88 (0.68–1.16) | ||||||
| Stationary engine and related equipment operators (96) | 1.07 (0.72–1.57) | ||||||
| Railway engine-drivers and firemen (983) | 1.41 (0.87–2.28) | ||||||
| Railway brakemen, signalmen and shunters (984) | 1.43 (0.77–2.63) | ||||||
| Motor vehicle drivers (985) | 1.14 (0.97–1.33) | ||||||
| Industries (ISIC code$) [184] | |||||||
| Salt mining (2903) | 4.41 (1.43–13.6) | ||||||
| Manufacture of carpets and rugs (3214) | 4.07 (1.44–11.5) | ||||||
| Manufacture of paints, varnishes and lacquers (3521) | 2.94 (1.48–5.84) | ||||||
| Manufacture of plastic products NEC (356) | 1.79 (1.06–3.00) | ||||||
| Manufacture of industrial chemicals (351) | 1.58 (1.07–2.33) | ||||||
| Education services (931) | 1.47 (1.06–2.05) | ||||||
* ISCO (International Standard Classification of Occupations); $ ISIC (International Standard Industrial Classification)