Table 2.

Summary of the estimates of the effect (RR) of chromium topsoil levels, categorised in quartiles, on mortality due to different tumour types, by sex

Cancer site	Men						Women
	Unadjusted			Adjusted			Unadjusted			Adjusted
	RR	95 %	CI	RR	95 %	CI	RR	95 %	CI	RR	95 %	CI
Buccal cavity and pharynx
Approach A q2a	0.996	0.926–1.071		1.050	0.977–1.128		1.014	0.898–1.144		1.061	0.944–1.190
q3	0.973	0.901–1.050		1.053	0.981–1.131		0.994	0.879–1.124		1.044	0.931–1.170
q4	0.947	0.875–1.026		1.025	0.958–1.096		1.105	0.979–1.242		1.149	1.036–1.274
Trend testb	0.981	0.956–1.007		1.006	0.984–1.027		1.033	0.993–1.072		1.044	1.010–1.078
Approach B SPDEc	0.970	0.900–1.037		0.938	0.835–1.024		1.096	0.967–1.233		1.118	1.003–1.250
Oesophagus
Approach A q2a	0.949	0.883–1.020		0.932	0.867–1.002		0.945	0.798–1.120		0.942	0.796–1.115
q3	0.883	0.818–0.953		0.889	0.827–0.955		0.993	0.838–1.177		1.021	0.867–1.203
q4	0.947	0.875–1.025		0.954	0.891–1.021		1.220	1.038–1.435		1.328	1.146–1.544
Trend testb	0.981	0.955–1.006		0.985	0.964–1.007		1.078	1.022–1.137		1.115	1.063–1.170
Approach B PDE c	0.978	0.893–1.060		0.990	0.901–1.129		1.254	0.989–1.497		1.263	0.991–1.508
Liver
Approach A q2a	1.104	1.011–1.206		1.003	0.926–1.086		0.973	0.853–1.110		0.864	0.761–0.980
q3	1.027	0.934–1.130		0.944	0.871–1.022		1.020	0.889–1.172		0.921	0.814–1.041
q4	1.097	0.992–1.213		0.982	0.911–1.059		1.041	0.902–1.201		0.935	0.833–1.049
Trend testb	1.021	0.989–1.055		0.990	0.967–1.014		1.017	0.971–1.066		0.989	0.953–1.026
Approach B SPDEc	1.026	0.930–1.151		1.051	0.948–1.197		1.050	0.905–1.198		1.020	0.891–1.184
Larynx
Approach A q2a	0.930	0.864–1.001		0.944	0.879–1.013		1.122	0.871–1.444		1.188	0.909–1.550
q3	0.965	0.893–1.042		1.009	0.941–1.082		1.116	0.866–1.435		1.206	0.925–1.571
q4	0.930	0.858–1.008		1.012	0.947–1.081		1.175	0.954–1.453		1.188	0.940–1.507
Trend testb	0.982	0.957–1.008		1.011	0.990–1.032		1.049	0.982–1.121		1.048	0.974–1.127
Approach B SPDEc	0.963	0.827–1.068		0.990	0.905–1.074		1.279	1.040–1.567		1.295	1.037–1.611
Pleura
Approach A q2a	1.052	0.840–1.318		0.970	0.777–1.209		0.951	0.701–1.291		0.879	0.666–1.157
q3	1.192	0.944–1.508		1.223	0.990–1.51		1.162	0.866–1.554		1.312	1.020–1.686
q4	1.099	0.856–1.408		1.046	0.854–1.282		1.273	0.961–1.690		1.239	0.989–1.557
Trend testb	1.037	0.957–1.123		1.030	0.967–1.098		1.098	1.002–1.203		1.103	1.027–1.185
Approach B SPDEc	1.182	0.891–1.515		1.201	0.915–1.746		1.474	1.120–1.975		1.399	1.074–1.871
Breast
Approach A q2a							1.028	0.986–1.072		1.042	1.003–1.081
q3							0.992	0.949–1.036		1.015	0.977–1.053
q4							1.007	0.961–1.054		1.045	1.009–1.082
Trend testb							0.998	0.984–1.013		1.011	1.000–1.022
Approach B SPDEc							0.972	0.927–1.022		0.976	0.934–1.020
Uterus
Approach A q2a							0.989	0.930–1.051		1.022	0.963–1.086
q3							0.991	0.930–1.055		1.031	0.971–1.094
q4							1.046	0.982–1.113		1.089	1.031–1.151
Trend testb							1.016	0.996–1.037		1.029	1.011–1.047
Approach B SPDEc							1.079	1.019–1.130		1.026	0.963–1.092
Kidney
Approach A q2a	1.061	0.984–1.145		1.063	0.993–1.139		0.952	0.863–1.049		0.931	0.853–1.015
q3	1.056	0.976–1.142		1.093	1.021–1.170		0.964	0.872–1.065		0.990	0.908–1.077
q4	1.026	0.945–1.113		1.034	0.969–1.103		1.005	0.911–1.108		0.990	0.917–1.070
Trend testb	1.005	0.979–1.031		1.008	0.988–1.029		1.005	0.974–1.038		1.004	0.980–1.030
Approach B SPDEc	1.009	0.926–1.095		1.005	0.929–1.083		0.981	0.887–1.081		0.980	0.880–1.077
NHL
Approach A q2a	1.022	0.944–1.106		1.013	0.939–1.092		1.049	0.972–1.132		1.050	0.974–1.131
q3	1.032	0.952–1.119		1.061	0.986–1.142		1.029	0.953–1.112		1.058	0.982–1.139
q4	0.994	0.915–1.080		0.987	0.919–1.059		1.076	0.997–1.161		1.092	1.018–1.170
Trend testb	0.997	0.971–1.024		0.997	0.975–1.02		1.021	0.996–1.046		1.027	1.005–1.050
Approach B SPDEc	0.994	0.915–1.080		0.984	0.909–1.067		1.062	0.985–1.132		1.064	0.988–1.143

The table shows the results of the approaches A and B, broken down as follows: unadjusted (model n.1) and adjusted for socio-demographic variables and industrial emissions (model n.3)

^aQuartiles: reference [6.46, 20.2], q2 [20.24, 25.0], q3 [24.99, 29.9] and q4 [29.86, 243.7 mg kg⁻¹]

^bRR, taking quartiles as a categorical variable

^cRR for a change of one unit in the logarithm of the elements’ soil concentration