Table 1.

Preeclampsia-associated maternal risk factors

Pre-pregnancy maternal characteristics	Relative risk	Reference
Obesity	2.47	Duckitt et al. [15]
Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus	3.56	Duckitt et al. [15]
Hypertension	1.38–2.37	Duckitt et al. [15]
Autoimmune diseases
• Systemic lupus erythematosus	–
• Antiphospholipid syndrome	9.72	Duckitt et al. [15]
Sickle cell anemia	2.43	Oteng-Ntim et al. [16]
Nulliparity	2.91	Duckitt et al. [15]
Preeclampsia in prior pregnancy	7.19	Duckitt et al. [15]
Family history of preeclampsia	2.90	Duckitt et al. [15]