Table 5.

Association of changes in disease activity and plasma cytokines with changes in heart rate variability by univariate linear regression

		Independent variables
Dependent variables		ΔRMSSD	ΔpNN50	ΔHF	ΔLF/HF
Changes in disease activity	ΔBILAG	p = 0.081 β = −0.036	p = 0.605 β = −0.109	p = 0.168 β = −0.075	p = 0.119 β = 0.542
	ΔSLEDAI	p  = 0.007 β = −0.023	p = 0.094 β = −0.144	p = 0.326 β = −0.023	p = 0.431 β = 0.116
	ΔPGA	p = 0.209 β = −0.002	p = 0.704 β = −0.006	p = 0.067 β = −0.007	p = 0.174 β = 0.034
Cytokine changes	ΔsTNFRII	p = 0.824 β < −0.001	p = 0.789 β = 0.011	p = 0.168 β = −0.014	p  = 0.021 β = 0.150
	ΔMIG	p = 0.453 β = −0.004	p = 0.963 β = −0.003	p = 0.176 β = −0.019	p  = 0.003 β = 0.253
	ΔBLySa	p = 0.298 β = −0.002	p = 0.994 β < −0.001	p  = 0.036 β = −0.010	p = 0.057 β = 0.054
	ΔIFN-α	p = 0.901 β < 0.001	p = 0.526 β = 0.037	p  = 0.004 β = −0.050	p  = 0.012 β = 0.356
	ΔIL-1RA	p = 0.840 β = −0.003	p = 0.794 β = −0.044	p = 0.199 β = −0.055	p  = 0.023 β = 0.646
	ΔIP-10	p = 0.671 β = −0.001	p = 0.679 β = 0.014	p = 0.945 β < −0.001	p = 0.895 β = 0.008
	ΔSCF	p = 0.085 β = −0.004	p = 0.603 β = −0.011	p = 0.154 β = −0.008	p  = 0.001 β = 0.108
	ΔIL-15	p = 0.764 β = −0.001	p = 0.471 β = 0.033	p  = 0.012 β = −0.026	p  = 0.010 β = 0.154

Abbreviations: BILAG British Isles Lupus Assessment Group, BLyS B lymphocyte stimulator, HF high-frequency power, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, IL-1RA interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, LF/HF low frequency to high frequency ratio, MIG monokine induced by interferon gamma, PGA physician global assessment, pNN50 percentage of pairs of adjacent NN intervals differing by more than 50 milliseconds, RMSSD square root of the mean of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals, SCF stem cell factor, SLEDAI Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index, sTNFR soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor

^aSerum BLyS

p values <0.05 are in bold type