Table 3.
Hazard ratios for outcomes during follow-up according to different presentations of major PAD at baseline
| Absence of PAD | Lower-extremity ulceration or amputation | Peripheral revascularization | Lower-extremity ulceration or amputation (vs. absent PAD) |
Peripheral revascularization (vs. absent PAD) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95 % CI) | p | HR (95 % CI) | p | ||||
| All-cause mortality, n (%) | 2101 (19.8) | 92 (30.7) | 63 (33.2) | 1.39 (1.12-1.72) | 0.003 | 1.31 (1.01–1.70) | 0.04 |
| Major macrovascular events, n (%) | 2025 (19.1) | 78 (26.0) | 56 (29.5) | 1.39 (1.11–1.75) | 0.005 | 1.64 (1.25–2.16) | 0.0004 |
| Cardiovascular death, n (%) | 904 (8.5) | 50 (16.7) | 29 (15.3) | 1.91 (1.43–2.54) | <0.0001 | 1.52 (1.04–2.23) | 0.03 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 665 (6.3) | 29 (9.7) | 25 (13.2) | 1.50 (1.03–2.19) | 0.03 | 1.73 (1.14–2.62) | 0.01 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 924 (8.7) | 24 (8.0) | 18 (9.5) | 1.02 (0.67–1.55) | 0.92 | 1.54 (0.96–2.48) | 0.07 |
| Major clinical microvascular events, n (%) | 763 (7.2) | 28 (9.3) | 11 (5.8) | 1.44 (0.98–2.11) | 0.06 | 0.88 (0.48–1.61) | 0.68 |
| Retinal photocoagulation or blindness, n (%) | 632 (5.9) | 24 (8.0) | 9 (4.7) | 1.53 (1.01–2.30) | 0.04 | 0.94 (0.48–1.83) | 0.85 |
| End-stage renal disease or renal death, n (%) | 160 (1.5) | 4 (1.3) | 3 (1.6) | 0.84 (0.31–2.30) | 0.74 | 0.94 (0.29–3.02) | 0.92 |
Adjusted as in model 2: region of origin, sex, age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, waist circumference, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, disturbance of 10-g monofilament sensation, absence of ankle and knee reflexes, HbA1C, estimated glomerular filtration rate (and its square for macrovascular analyses), total-, and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, history of ever smoking and current alcohol drinking, use of antihypertensive, lipid lowering and antiplatelet drugs, and study allocations. p < 0.05 was significant