Table 3.
Comparison of pre and post intervention scores on outcome measures for the control group (N = 19)
| No | Variable | Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | t test t (df) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Total TRAB (mean, SD) [range of 0–42] | 32.4 (5.7) | 26.5 (4.9) | 3.12 (18) | 0.006* |
| 2 | SDQ (mean, SD) | ||||
| Emotional | 4.3 (2.2) | 5.7 (4.9) | −1.41 (18) | 0.18 | |
| Conduct | 4.4 (2.1) | 4.0 (1.5) | 0.97 (18) | 0.35 | |
| Hyperactivity | 5.3 (1.3) | 5.8 (2.0) | −0.85 (18) | 0.41 | |
| Peer problems | 5.8 (1.4) | 6.9 (3.2) | −1.57 (18) | 0.13 | |
| Total difficulties score [range of 0–40] | 19.7 (4.4) | 22.4 (7.5) | −1.62 (18) | 0.12 | |
| Prosocial | 6.4 (2.2) | 6.7 (1.4) | −0.67 (18) | 0.51 | |
| 3 | SRAS (mean, SD) [range of 0–14] | 7.6 (4.3) | 10.5 (4.7) | −2.42 (18) | 0.03* |
| 4 | ATAQ (mean, SD) [range of 19–76] | ||||
| Retaliation belief | 9.6 (4.4) | 7.6 (3.8) | 1.83 (18) | 0.08 | |
| General belief | 23.2 (6.3) | 20.7 (6.4) | 1.29 (18) | 0.21 | |
| Coping strategies | 16.7 (3.2) | 20.1 (4.2) | −2.64 (18) | 0.02* | |
| 5 | SCAS (mean, SD) [range of 0–28] | 13.6 (6.4) | 13.7 (5.3) | −0.04 (18) | 0.97 |
One student dropped out
TRAB Teacher rating of aggressive behaviours (total maximum score = 42), SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (total maximum score = 40), SRAS Self rated aggression scale (total maximum score = 14), ATAQ Attitude towards aggression questionnaire (total maximum score = 76), SCAS Social cognition and attribution scale (total maximum score = 28)
* Data was statistically restricted with Bonferonni adjustment