Table 4.
Univariable linear regression analysis
| Associated variables | Brooke | Basic hand function | Heavy lifting | Light or no lifting | Gross hand function | Fine hand function | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | β (95 % CI) | N | β (95 % CI) | N | β (95 % CI) | N | β (95 % CI) | N | β (95 % CI) | N | β (95 % CI) | |
| Age | 213 | 0.20 (0.18; 0.22) | 210 | −1.34 (−1.56; −1.12) | 210 | −2.06 (−2.33; −1.78) | 210 | −2.86 (−3.18; −2.54) | 189 | −1.23 (−1.40; −1.06) | 191 | −0.69 (−0.80; −0.57) |
| Disease stage | 213 | 1.19 (1.08; 1.30) | 210 | −6.94 (−8.22; −5.67) | 210 | −13.39 (−14.56; −12.22) | 210 | −17.12 (−18.63; −15.60) | 189 | −6.95 (−7.86; −6.04) | 191 | −4.50 (−5.04; −3.96) |
| BMI | 209 | 0.05 (0.00; 0.09) | 206 | 0.14 (−0.22; 0.49) | 206 | −0.72 (−1.20; −0.23) | 206 | −0.76 (−1.38; −0.13) | 185 | 0.05 (−0.25; 0.36) | 187 | −0.09 (−0.28; 0.10) |
| Age at diagnosis | 213 | 0.09 (−0.04; 0.22) | 210 | −0.17 (−1.25; 0.90) | 210 | −1.69 (−3.14; −0.24) | 210 | −1.62 (−3.50; 0.26) | 189 | 0.07 (−0.87; 1.00) | 191 | 0.08 (−0.50; 0.65) |
| Injuries | 213 | 0.79 (0.03; 1.54) | 210 | −5.16 (−11.34; 1.01) | 210 | −9.11 (−17.51; −0.71) | 210 | −13.87 (−24.60; −3.13) | 189 | −4.66 (−9.78; 0.47) | 191 | −2.33 (−5.52; 0.86) |
| Scoliosis | 213 | 1.55 (1.29; 1.81) | 210 | −11.38 (−13.63; −9.14) | 210 | −16.20 (−19.20; −13.20) | 210 | −21.67 (−25.43; −17.91) | 189 | −9.60 (−11.41; −7.79) | 191 | −5.65 (−6.79; −4.50) |
| Corticosteroids | 212 | −1.02 (−1.26; −0.77) | 209 | 6.26 (4.16; 8.36) | 209 | 8.17 (5.28; 11.05) | 209 | 13.83 (10.34; 17.32) | 188 | 8.42 (6.91; 9.93) | 190 | 5.02 (4.07; 5.98) |
| Homeopathic remedies | 213 | −0.39 (−0.90; 0.12) | 210 | 3.38 (−0.76; 7.53) | 210 | 2.41 (−3.28; 8.09) | 210 | 5.90 (−1.37; 13.17) | 189 | 2.84 (−0.64; 6.32) | 191 | 1.42 (−0.74; 3.58) |
| Physical therapy | 213 | −0.06 (−0.33; 0.21) | 210 | 0.77 (−1.40; 2.95) | 210 | −2.77 (−5.72; 0.18) | 210 | −0.40 (−4.22; 3.42) | 189 | 0.52 (−1.32; 2.36) | 191 | −0.07 (−1.22; 1.07) |
| Practice at home | 213 | 0.08 (−0.19; 0.34) | 210 | −0.71 (−2.88; 1.46) | 210 | −2.05 (−5.00; 0.90) | 210 | −1.09 (−4.89; 2.71) | 189 | −0.48 (−2.29; 1.33) | 191 | −0.59 (−1.71; 0.52) |
| Hydro therapy | 213 | −1.88 (−2.32; −1.43) | 210 | 13.23 (9.44; 17.01) | 210 | 17.94 (12.76; 23.11) | 210 | 27.07 (20.72; 33.42) | 189 | 13.34 (10.38; 16.31) | 191 | 7.33 (5.42; 9.24) |
| Occupational therapy | 213 | 0.03 (−0.21; 0.28) | 210 | 0.27 (−1.73; 2.27) | 210 | −1.89 (−4.61; 0.82) | 210 | −1.51 (−5.01; 1.98) | 189 | −0.06 (−1.75; 1.62) | 191 | −0.55 (−1.58; 0.48) |
| Splints | 213 | 1.55 (0.71; 2.40) | 210 | −8.42 (−15.42; −1.43) | 210 | −15.42 (−24.87; −5.97) | 210 | −21.95 (−34.01; −9.89) | 189 | −11.39 (−16.84; −5.94) | 191 | −6.32 (−9.73; −2.90) |
| Arm supports | 213 | 1.76 (0.88; 2.64) | 210 | −2.63 (−10.06; 4.79) | 210 | −17.53 (−27.40; −7.67) | 210 | −23.14 (−35.78; −10.50) | 189 | −8.08 (−14.08; −2.07) | 191 | −5.68 (−9.39; −1.97) |
| School/work | 200 | −2.10 (−2.74; −1.46) | 200 | 18.63 (13.50; 23.75) | 200 | 17.90 (10.64; 25.16) | 200 | 29.62 (20.56; 38.69) | 189 | 14.83 (10.69; 18.98) | 191 | 7.73 (5.09; 10.37) |
| Sport | 198 | −0.49 (−1.03; 0.05) | 198 | 5.76 (1.36; 10.17) | 198 | 4.44 (−1.50; 10.37) | 198 | 7.95 (0.29; 15.61) | 188 | 3.59 (0.03; 7.16) | 190 | 1.75 (−0.46; 3.95) |
| Hobby | 198 | 0.90 (0.21; 1.59) | 198 | −4.38 (−10.12; 1.37) | 198 | −9.34 (−16.93; −1.76) | 198 | −10.51 (−20.39; −0.64) | 188 | −4.07 (−8.77; 0.63) | 190 | −1.23 (−4.20; 1.75) |
| Pain limitations | 213 | 0.02 (0.01; 0.03) | 210 | −0.17 (−0.25; −0.08) | 210 | −0.27 (−0.38; −0.16) | 210 | −0.37 (−0.51; −0.23) | 189 | −0.15 (−0.22; −0.09) | 191 | −0.09 (−0.13; −0.05) |
| Pain severity (not shoulder) | 213 | 0.02 (0.01; 0.04) | 210 | −0.16 (−0.27; −0.04) | 210 | −0.35 (−0.50; −0.20) | 210 | −0.42 (−0.61; −0.22) | 189 | −0.16 (−0.25; −0.07) | 191 | −0.10 (−0.16; −0.04) |
| Distal pain frequency | 213 | 0.07 (0.02; 0.12) | 210 | −0.65 (−1.07; −0.23) | 210 | −1.04 (−1.61; −0.47) | 210 | −1.30 (−2.03; −0.56) | 189 | −0.45 (−0.80; −0.11) | 191 | −0.29 (−0.51; −0.08) |
| Shoulder pain | 213 | 0.12 (0.08; 0.17) | 210 | −0.92 (−1.28; −0.56) | 210 | −1.50 (−1.98; −1.03) | 210 | −1.87 (−2.48; −1.25) | 189 | −0.86 (−1.16; −0.57) | 191 | −0.48 (−0.66; −0.30) |
| Proximal pain frequency (not shoulder) | 213 | 0.09 (0.02; 0.16) | 210 | −0.64 (−1.21; −0.06) | 210 | −1.36 (−2.13; −0.59) | 210 | −1.53 (−2.52; −0.53) | 189 | −0.51 (−0.98; −0.04) | 191 | −0.34 (−0.63; −0.05) |
| Elbow pain frequency | 213 | 0.35 (0.24; 0.47) | 210 | −2.85 (−3.78; −1.93) | 210 | −4.01 (−5.26; −2.75) | 210 | −5.42 (−7.02; −3.82) | 189 | −2.13 (−2.89; −1.36) | 191 | −1.25 (−1.73; −0.78) |
| Stiffness frequency | 212 | 0.04 (0.03; 0.05) | 209 | −0.29 (−0.38; −0.20) | 209 | −0.42 (−0.54; −0.29) | 209 | −0.60 (−0.75; −0.45) | 188 | −0.26 (−0.33; −0.19) | 190 | −0.14 (−0.19; −0.09) |
| Stiffness limitations | 212 | 0.02 (0.02; 0.03) | 209 | −0.17 (−0.22; −0.13) | 209 | −0.23 (−0.30; −0.16) | 209 | −0.35 (−0.43; −0.26) | 188 | −0.15 (−0.19; −0.11) | 190 | −0.09 (−0.11; −0.06) |
| Stiffness severity | 212 | 0.02 (0.01; 0.03) | 209 | −0.15 (−0.20; −0.09) | 209 | −0.19 (−0.26; −0.11) | 209 | −0.29 (−0.39; −0.20) | 188 | −0.13 (−0.17; −0.08) | 190 | −0.07 (−0.09; −0.04) |
Variables with a p value <0.2 are displayed bold. These variables were included in the multivariable regression analysis