Fig. 4.—

Relationships between the possibility of genes generating superior young CELs and their (A) mRNA levels, (B) essentiality, (C) Ka/Ks and (D) mutation rates in four simpler genomes. In (A–C), the y-axis represents log₁₀-transformed data and the genes are classified into five groups with different orders of magnitude of possibilities (−4, −3, −2, −1 and 0). The dots denote the mean of (A) log₁₀-based R(F)PKM values, (B) essentiality and (C) Ka/Ks. The error bars show the SEM. The lines indicate the significant regression correlation (P < 2.2 × 10 ^{− 16}). In (D), the genes are classified into two groups (P > 0.1 and P < 0.1). The bars denote the mean mutation rates of each possibility group and the error bars show the SEM.