Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Electrocardiol. 2016 Jun 29;49(5):686–690. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2016.06.008

Table 4.

Association of Borderline Abnormal and Abnormal SDNN and rMSSD with Incident CVD and All-Cause Mortality (N=6,332)

Outcome Measure Category* Model 1†
HR (95%CI)		 P-value Model 2‡
HR (95%CI)		 P-value
Cardiovascular Disease SDNN Borderline Abnormal 1.55 (1.18, 2.04) 0.0015 1.37 (1.04, 1.80) 0.025
Abnormal 1.99 (1.39, 2.87) 0.0002 1.64 (1.14, 2.37) 0.0083
rMSSD Borderline Abnormal 1.53 (1.16, 2.03) 0.0027 1.34 (1.01, 1.77) 0.043
Abnormal 1.81 (1.20, 2.74) 0.0049 1.57 (1.04, 2.39) 0.034
All-Cause Mortality SDNN Borderline Abnormal 1.54 (1.27, 1.89) <0.0001 1.48 (1.22, 1.81) 0.0001
Abnormal 1.89 (1.44, 2.47) <0.0001 1.78 (1.35, 2.33) <0.0001
rMSSD Borderline Abnormal 1.43 (1.16, 1.77) 0.0007 1.37 (1.11, 1.69) 0.0038
Abnormal 1.59 (1.16, 2.18) 0.0043 1.53 (1.11, 2.11) 0.0087
*

Borderline abnormal and abnormal values defined as <5th and <2nd percentiles for the sex- and race-specific references ranges, respectively.

†

Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and education.

‡

Adjusted for Model 1 covariates plus systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, antihypertensive medications, statins, aspirin, and left ventricular hypertrophy.

CVD=cardiovascular disease; SDNN=standard deviation of all normal-to-normal R-R intervals; rMSSD=root mean square of successive differences between normal-to-normal R-R intervals.