Fig. 10.

EAE is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease with extensive cell infiltrate of T cells, B cells and macrophages from the periphery. All sections from relapsing–remitting EAE in the Biozzi mouse. a) Longitudinal section of the thoracic spinal cord showing both sub-pial inflammation (arrows) and perivascular cuffing of all vessels. b) There is clear cuffing of the ventral spinal artery of the spinal cord with cells migrating (*) toward the spinal cord. Inset of the area marked shows both plasma cells and T lymphocytes. A small area of demyelination (arrow) is enlarged in the right inset. c) Demyelination is extensive adjacent to a partially cuffed vessel and extends into the neuropil. d) Macrophages cuffing a vessel and migrating into the CNS on the left while those that have engulfed myelin are lipid filled and are surrounding a vessel on right, likely prior to returning to the circulation. e) In a Biozzi mouse in the third relapse, the loss of myelin is uneven with the left side of the cord and part of the dorsal column being severely affected. Three areas of the spinal cord (inset) are enlarged in f–h. The dorsal column (e-asterisk) contains both areas of demyelination (f) and adjacent areas with marked axon loss (g). In the ventral cord (↑) the hallmarks of EAE are seen (h) with demyelination, remyelination and axon degeneration. Scale bar: 10 μm (b-inset, f–h), 20 μm (b, c, d), 0.5 mm (e).