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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Infect Control. 2016 May 17;44(9):983–989. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.03.010

Appendix Table 2.

Changes in mortality, length of stay, total hospital charges, and charges per day attributable to healthcare-associated infections, 2006–2012

Outcomea
Infection		 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Bb P Bb P Bb P Bb P Bb P Bb P Bb P
Mortalityc
  UTI 1.22 0.22 0.68 0.08 1.17 0.52 1.36 0.22 1.09 0.70 1.01 0.95 0.80 0.40
  BSI 3.78 <0.001** 1.49 0.18 1.22 0.50 2.64 0.005** 0.84 0.54 0.55 0.04 1.23 0.51
  SSI 2.56 0.02 0.55 0.28 1.14 0.81 0.46 0.19 1.02 0.97 0.43 0.17 0.26 0.06
  PNU 1.63 0.03 0.75 0.35 0.80 0.49 0.57 0.08 0.52 0.05 0.73 0.34 1.02 0.97
LOSc
  UTI 1.38 0.13 −0.53 0.67 2.69 0.04 0.02 0.98 0.52 0.69 0.59 0.66 0.34 0.81
  BSI 4.55 0.001** 2.44 0.20 0.52 0.78 −2.27 0.25 −0.81 0.67 −0.87 0.66 −3.87 0.06
  SSI 2.24 0.30 −3.29 0.30 −0.57 0.86 −2.51 0.44 1.40 0.67 −4.96 0.15 −4.27 0.21
  PNU 6.89 <0.001** 2.12 0.43 −0.07 0.98 0.23 0.93 2.60 0.37 −4.04 0.16 −2.30 0.45
Chargesd,e
  UTI 0.15 <0.001** −0.06 0.07 −0.01 0.84 −0.01 0.85 −0.03 0.36 0.05 0.21 −0.01 0.77
  BSI 0.29 <0.001** −0.03 0.52 −0.05 0.38 −0.11 0.04 −0.13 0.02 −0.16 0.005* −0.14 0.01
  SSI 0.14 0.01 −0.09 0.26 −0.02 0.81 −0.10 0.20 −0.02 0.81 −0.09 0.28 −0.12 0.16
  PNU 0.43 <0.001** −0.02 0.72 −0.17 0.01 −0.20 0.003* −0.17 0.02 −0.27 <0.001** −0.12 0.13
Charges per
dayd,e
  UTI −0.01 0.52 0.004 0.82 −0.04 0.02 0.04 0.04 −0.001 0.97 0.06 0.001** 0.006 0.77
  BSI 0.10 <0.001** −0.08 <0.001** −0.08 0.001** −0.07 0.01* −0.07 0.004* −0.11 <0.001** −0.05 0.06
  SSI 0.008 0.73 0.007 0.83 0.02 0.65 0.02 0.56 −0.03 0.04 −0.003 0.93 −0.04 0.29
  PNU 0.10 <0.001** −0.07 0.02 −0.1 <0.001** −0.07 0.04 −0.11 0.002* −0.11 0.001** −0.05 0.18

LOS, length of stay; UTI, urinary tract infection; BSI, bloodstream infection; SSI, surgical site infection; PNU, pneumonia.

a

Reference year 2006. Models control for infection status, case’s infecting organism and antimicrobial susceptibility; patient characteristics including age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Clinical Classifications Software (CCS) category, and admission hospital; history or presence of diabetes mellitus, malignancies, renal failure, chronic dermatitis, trauma, wound, transplant, burns, stay in skilled nursing facility, substance abuse, mechanical ventilation, intubation, and dialysis; number of days with central venous catheter, urinary catheter, intensive care unit stay, and receipt of high risk medication; and receipt of general anesthesia, operating room procedure, major procedure >30 minutes, venous catheter, and high-risk medication prior to infection (for cases) or day of match (for controls).

b

Odds ratios are reported for mortality models.

c

Multiple logistic regression.

d

Multiple linear regression.

e

Dependent variable is natural log of total hospital charges or charges per day.

*

p<0.01;

**

p<0.001.