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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Neurosci. 2016 Jun 16;32:164–165. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.03.021

Figure 1.

Figure 1

In a retrospective, single center series at the University of California San Francisco, patients undergoing surgery for brainstem cavernous malformations were examined before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at final follow-up. A greater percentage of patients experienced neurological deficits immediately postoperatively compared to preoperatively. However, the percentage decreased to the lowest levels at the time of last clinical follow-up, suggesting that any neurological worsening following surgery is temporary in most cases. Abbreviations: CN (cranial nerve), CBL (cerebellar)