Table 1. Baseline demographic and laboratory features of the 333 multiple myeloma patients with regard to the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities.

	Total	Normal karyotype	Abnormal karyotype	P value
Gender
Male	173 (52.0%)	98 (50.0%)	75 (54.7%)	0.394
Female	160 (48.0%)	98 (50.0%)	62 (45.3%)
Age
Mean (range)	63.0 (17–89)	63.4 (17–89)	62.3 (37–83)	0.733
ISS stage
Stage I	63 (20.1%)	47 (25.5%)	16 (12.3%)	< 0.001
Stage II	133 (42.4%)	80 (43.5%)	53 (40.8%)
Stage III	118 (37.6%)	57 (31.0%)	61 (46.9%)
Heavy chain type
IgG	166 (74.4%)	104 (75.9%)	62 (72.1%)	0.016
IgA	56 (25.1%)	32 (23.4%)	24 (27.9%)
Others	1 (0.4%)	1 (0.7%)	0 (0.0%)
Heavy chain level (g/dL)
IgG < 5 or IgA < 3	143 (67.5%)	95 (73.1%)	48 (58.5%)	0.016
5 ≤ IgG ≤ 7, 3 ≤ IgA ≤ 5	46 (21.7%)	26 (20.0%)	20 (24.4%)
IgG > 7 or IgA > 5	23 (10.8%)	9 (6.9%)	14 (17.1%)
Light chain type
Kappa	155 (53.3%)	99 (57.9%)	56 (46.7%)	0.060
Lambda	136 (46.7%)	72 (42.1%)	64 (53.3%)
Calcium (mg/dL)
≤ 12	311 (95.1%)	187 (97.4%)	124 (91.9%)	0.030
> 12	16 (4.9%)	5 (2.6%)	11 (8.1%)
Creatinine (mg/dL)
≤2	270 (82.1%)	171 (86.8%)	99 (73.3%)	< 0.001
>2	59 (17.9%)	23 (11.7%)	36 (26.7%)
β2-microglobulin (mg/L)
< 3.5	125 (39.6%)	86 (46.2%)	39 (30.0%)	0.001
3.5–5.5	73 (23.1%)	43 (23.1%)	30 (23.1%)
≥ 5.5	118 (37.3%)	57 (30.6%)	61 (46.9%)
Albumin (g/dL)
< 3.5	192 (58.5%)	105 (54.7%)	87 (64.4%)	0.070
≥ 3.5	136 (41.5%)	87 (45.3%)	48 (35.6%)
LDH (U/L)
Mean (SD)	262.8 (201.4)	257.9 (171.7)	269.6 (237.2)	0.128
Hemoglobin (g/dL)
< 8.5	89 (26.9%)	47 (24.0%)	47 (34.8%)	0.024
8.5–0.0	101 (30.5%)	55 (28.1%)	46 (34.1%)
> 10.0	141 (42.6%)	94 (48.0%)	42 (31.1%)

Abbreviations: ISS, international scoring system; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.