Table 2.

Approximate age of onset of CF clinical manifestations and comorbidities.

	Upper and lower respiratory tract	Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems	Endocrine and reproductive systems	Salt-wasting syndrome and others
Babyhood and childhood	Chronic cough Sputum overproduction Tenacious mucus Airway obstruction Recurrent and persistent pneumonia or lung infections Bronchiectasis Nasal polyps/sinus disease	Meconium ileus Steatorrhea Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins Intussusception Recurrent pancreatitis Pancreatic insufficiency	Absence of the vas deferens Impaired growth	Salty sweat Mucosal dehydration Hypochloremia Hyponatremia Hypokalemia Digital clubbing
Adolescence and adulthood	Atelectasis Impaired pulmonary function Hemoptysis Chronic infection with multidrug-resistant pathogens Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Pneumothorax Respiratory failure	Biliary fibrosis/cirrhosis Hepatic steatosis Gastroesophageal reflux Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome Digestive tract cancer	Delayed puberty Oligomenorrhea Reduced fertility in women Obstructive azoospermia in males CF-related diabetes mellitus Reduced bone mineral density/osteoporosis	Arthritis/vasculitis Nephrolithiasis Chronic kidney disease Anxiety/depression

Please note that the clinical signs and symptoms in an approximate age of onset do not exclude the possibility of these arose from early or late manner.