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. 2016 Aug 26;9:229–243. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.007

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© 2016 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 4. — Quercetin protects against the decrease in ATP levels in pancreas of rats fed high cholesterol diet and mitochondrial dysfunction in Min6 cells exposed to cholesterol. Rats were fed for 4 weeks with control diet (C), control diet containing 0.5% quercetin diet (CQ), high cholesterol diet (HC) and high cholesterol diet containing 0.5% quercetin (HCQ).A) ATP levels were measured in pancreas after 12 h fasting. N=6–8 rats/group. Two-way ANOVA, symbols indicate Bonferroni post-test significances ^#relative to control diet and *to HC diet. Min6 cells were incubated with 320 µM cholesterol and/or 10, 50 or 100 µM QUE. After 6 h B) the ATP, C) MMP levels, and D-H) mitochondrial respiration parameters were evaluated and expressed as nmol/min/mg prot. (D) Mitochondrial functions were measured in the form of OCR and expressed as nmol of oxygen consumed/min/mg protein using the Seahorse XF^e96 analyzer in control cells (•) or 6 h-treated cells with: 10 µM QUE (), 320 µM cholesterol () or 320 µM cholesterol (Chol)+10 µM QUE (). (E) Basal OCR and (F) maximal OCR stimulated with FCCP (State 3 u) are shown. (G) ATP-linked OCR was calculated from basal OCR minus the oligomycin-insensitive OCR. (H) Reserve capacity was calculated as maximal minus basal OCR. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, from three independent culture preparations, each treatment performed in quadruplicate. One-way ANOVAs (B and C, p values specified in results) and two-way ANOVAs (E-H), symbols indicate Bonferroni post-test significances ^# in comparison to control and *to cholesterol-treated Min6 cells. Chol, cholesterol; OCR, oxygen consumption rate; RLU, relative luminescence unit.

Quercetin protects against the decrease in ATP levels in pancreas of rats fed high cholesterol diet and mitochondrial dysfunction in Min6 cells exposed to cholesterol. Rats were fed for 4 weeks with control diet (C), control diet containing 0.5% quercetin diet (CQ), high cholesterol diet (HC) and high cholesterol diet containing 0.5% quercetin (HCQ).A) ATP levels were measured in pancreas after 12 h fasting. N=6–8 rats/group. Two-way ANOVA, symbols indicate Bonferroni post-test significances ^#relative to control diet and *to HC diet. Min6 cells were incubated with 320 µM cholesterol and/or 10, 50 or 100 µM QUE. After 6 h B) the ATP, C) MMP levels, and D-H) mitochondrial respiration parameters were evaluated and expressed as nmol/min/mg prot. (D) Mitochondrial functions were measured in the form of OCR and expressed as nmol of oxygen consumed/min/mg protein using the Seahorse XF^e96 analyzer in control cells (•) or 6 h-treated cells with: 10 µM QUE (), 320 µM cholesterol () or 320 µM cholesterol (Chol)+10 µM QUE (). (E) Basal OCR and (F) maximal OCR stimulated with FCCP (State 3 u) are shown. (G) ATP-linked OCR was calculated from basal OCR minus the oligomycin-insensitive OCR. (H) Reserve capacity was calculated as maximal minus basal OCR. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, from three independent culture preparations, each treatment performed in quadruplicate. One-way ANOVAs (B and C, p values specified in results) and two-way ANOVAs (E-H), symbols indicate Bonferroni post-test significances ^# in comparison to control and *to cholesterol-treated Min6 cells. Chol, cholesterol; OCR, oxygen consumption rate; RLU, relative luminescence unit.