Table 8.

Summary of statistically significant clinical chemistry findings.

	Dose group (mg/kg bw/d)
	Males					Females
	Control  n = 10	180   n = 10	300  n = 10	375  n = 9	Historical range	Control  n = 10	180  n = 10	300  n = 8	375   n = 10	Historical range
ALT (U/L)	54.97 ± 10.62	66.51 ± 7.29	∗∗73.55 ± 13.81	∗∗75.58 ± 18.09	38.5–98.0	58.26 ± 11.88	68.12 ± 12.14	∗73.925 ± 17.23	∗∗78.25 ± 14.91	31.4–84.1
AST (U/L)	94.64 ± 20.70	101.81 ± 12.75	98.25 ± 8.76	∗112.53 ± 17.90	72.6–123.5	95.25 ± 16.82	89.75 ± 16.20	99.39 ± 17.46	∗112.36 ± 20.00	75.0–116.6
ALP (U/L)	102.80 ± 20.47	∗∗78.8 ± 10.89	∗79.70 ± 12.28	89.44 ± 25.67	67–215	55.9 ± 17.25	72.90 ± 25.88	60.88 ± 35.45	73.40 ± 32.00	20–185
TBIL (μmol/L)	1.71 ± 0.23	1.69 ± 0.28	∗2.07 ± 0.37	∗2.09 ± 0.35	0.62–4.72	1.839 ± 0.45	1.44 ± 0.34	1.86 ± 0.38	1.85 ± 0.62	0.91–4.69
CREA (μmol/L)	28.70 ± 2.73	∗32.76 ± 3.97	∗∗34.35 ± 4.58	∗∗35.97 ± 2.89	23.1–37.0	29.3 ± 2.32	29.51 ± 3.28	30.30 ± 3.55	31.15 ± 3.06	25.9–38.2
Urea (μmol/L)	7.48 ± 0.91	7.20 ± 0.88	7.64 ± 0.86	7.64 ± 0.82	4.14–9.62	6.947 ± 0.71	7.19 ± 1.04	6.83 ± 0.85	7.08 ± 0.82	4.79–9.71
GLUC (μmol/L)	6.04 ± 0.52	5.99 ± 0.53	5.62 ± 0.43	∗∗5.35 ± 0.33	4.98–7.97	5.73 ± 0.49	5.71 ± 0.49	∗5.10 ± 0.80	∗∗4.53 ± 0.41	4.18–8.49
Pi (μmol/L)	1.90 ± 0.28	2.09 ± 0.25	2.09 ± 0.20	∗∗2.39 ± 0.24	1.40–2.06	1.275 ± 0.16	∗1.53 ± 0.16	∗∗2.12 ± 0.20	∗∗2.11 ± 0.39	1.3–2.1
Ca++ (μmol/L)	2.67 ± 0.08	∗2.58 ± 0.11	∗2.56 ± 0.09	2.63 ± 0.07	2.39–2.75	2.617 ± 0.06	2.55 ± 0.10	2.57 ± 0.07	2.54 ± 0.10	2.4–2.8
Na+ (μmol/L)	142.00 ± 1.05	∗∗140.00 ± 1.49	∗∗138.80 ± 1.14	∗∗138.67 ± 0.87	137–147	140.6 ± 0.97	139.90 ± 1.79	139.25 ± 1.58	∗138.50 ± 2.51	137–147
K+ (μmol/L)	4.41 ± 0.25	4.61 ± 0.39	4.23 ± 0.15	4.45 ± 0.26	3.62–5.31	3.921 ± 0.24	4.15 ± 0.21	∗4.28 ± 0.32	∗4.24 ± 0.45	3.6–4.4
Cl− (μmol/L)	105.65 ± 0.98	∗∗103.4 ± 1.70	∗∗102.24 ± 0.98	∗∗102.46 ± 1.34	101.0–106.6	104.66 ± 0.74	∗103.56 ± 1.37	∗∗102.79 ± 1.15	∗102.79 ± 2.22	101.2–109.6
ALB (g/L)	34.21 ± 0.72	∗33.08 ± 0.88	∗∗32.03 ± 1.61	33.63 ± 1.19	31.5–36.7	35.77 ± 1.29	34.73 ± 1.10	34.76 ± 1.45	35.03 ± 2.04	32.9–41.1
TPROT (g/L)	62.59 ± 3.30	∗59.7 ± 2.44	∗∗57.37 ± 2.30	61.22 ± 2.70	55.5–70.6	64.76 ± 3.53	62.09 ± 2.60	62.65 ± 2.66	64.29 ± 5.17	57.6–79.3

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Historical Range based on data from 40 male and 38 female (19 females for BUN and Pi) Hsd.Brl.Han Wistar control rats aged 19-20 weeks.

mg/kg bw/d, milligrams per kilogram body weight per day; U/L, units per liter; μmol, micromol; g, gram; n, number of animals.

^∗ p< 0.05; ^∗∗ p < 0.01.