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. 2016 Aug 22;2016:5405207. doi: 10.1155/2016/5405207

Table 6.

Relative risk estimates of bladder pathology associated with cigarette smoking.

Cigarette smoking
χ 2 = 0.67, P = 0.880
Pathology Total 
N (%)
Present 
N (%)
Absent 
N (%)
No response 5 (5.7) 12 (7.1) 17 (5.8)
Yes 4 (4.6) 5 (2.9) 9 (12.1)
No 78 (89.7) 153 (90.0) 231 (82.1)

Total 87 (33.9) 170 (66.1) 257