Table 3. Logistic Regression Analysis of the Potential Predictors of a Clicking or Popping Sound.

	Adjusted OR	p value	95% CI
Gender
Male	Reference
Female	1.721	0.004*	1.192–2.485
Age
10–19 yrs	Reference
20–29 yrs	1.565	0.020*	1.073–2.283
30–39 yrs	1.463	0.139	0.883–2.424
40–49 yrs	0.662	0.303	0.302–1.451
Type of instrument
Lower string	Reference
Upper string	1.375	0.198	0.846–2.235
Woodwind	1.781	0.031*	1.055–3.006
Brass	2.033	0.010*	1.189–3.478
Other	0.982	0.972	0.362–2.667
Oral parafunction
No	Reference
Yes	1.862	<0.001*	1.337–2.594

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

^*p<0.05 indicates statistical significance.