Table 1.

Clinical studies showing clinical effects of combining pleiotropic natural products with pharmaceutical drugs.

Indication	Drug	Natural Product	Refs.
ARTHRITIS
Osteoarthritis pain	NSAIDS	Curcumin	[51]
Knee osteoarthritis	NSAIDS, other analgesics	Curcumin and Glucosamine	[52]
Knee osteoarthritis	NSAIDS	Curcumin	[53]
Knee osteoarthritis	NSAIDS, paracetamol	n-3 PUFA	[54]
Rheumatoid arthritis	Diclofenac sodium	Curcumin	[55]
PAIN
Burning mouth syndrome	Gabapentin	α-Lipoic acid	[56]
Postoperative pain	Opioid analgesics	Capsaicin	[57]
Chronic neck pain	Superoxide dismutase	α-Lipoic acid	[58]
EPILEPSY
Drug resistant epilepsy	Antiepileptic drugs	n-3 PUFA	[59]
Drug resistant epilepsy	Antiepileptic drugs	n-3 PUFA	[60]
Refractory seizures	Antiepileptic drugs	n-3 PUFA	[61]
Intractable focal or generalized epilepsy	Antiepileptic drugs	n-3 PUFA	[62]
CANCER
Pancreatic cancer	Gemcitabine	Curcumin	[63]
Prostate cancer	Docetaxel	Curcumin	[64]
Leukemia	Imatinib	Curcumin	[65]
Breast cancer	Anthracycline-based drugs	n-3 PUFA	[66]
Lung cancer	First-line chemotherapy	n-3 PUFA	[67]
Breast cancer	Paclitaxel	n-3 PUFA	[68]
Prostate cancer	Lycopene	n-3 PUFA	[69]
Gastrointestinal		n-3 PUFA	[70]
DIABETES
Type 2	Insulin	Resveratrol	[71]
Type 2	Insulin	Curcumin	[72]
Diabetes mellitus and hypertension	Quinapril	α-Lipoic Acid	NCT00795262
Peripheral diabetic neuropathy	Prostaglandin E1	α-Lipoic Acid	[73]
MENTAL DISORDERS
Depression	Fluoxetine	Curcumin	[40]
	Reserpine (rats)	Curcumin	[74]
Major depressive disorder	Escitalopram	Curcumin	[75]
Major depressive disorder	Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)	Creatine	[76]
Depression	Psychotropic drugs	n-3 PUFA	[77]
Schizophrenia	Antipsychotic drugs	Theanine	[78, 79]