Table 2.

Preclinical studies showing effects of combining pleiotropic natural products with pharmaceutical drugs.

Medical Condition	Drug	Natural Product	Major Outcome	Refs.
Epilepsy	Valproate	Curcumin	Curcumin enhanced antiseizure activity of subtherapeutic doses of valproate, provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.	[89]
Epilepsy	Carbamazepine	n-3 PUFA	n-3 PUFA increased protection from seizures in combination with carbamazepine	[90]
Depression	Corticorsterone	Curcumin	Curcumin and corticosterone reduces depressive-like behaviors, increased sucrose consumption and reduce mobility time	[91]
Depression	Fluoxetine, Mitrazapine	n-3 PUFA	n-3 PUFA potentiated subtherapeutic doses of antidepressant drugs	[92, 93]
Pain	Morphine	Ginsenoids	Ginsenoids and morphine yielded synergistic antinociception in nociceptive rats	[94]
Pain	Morphine	n-3 PUFA	n-3PUFA potentiated analgesia and prevented tolerance to morphine	[95]
Cancer	Capecitabine	Curcumin	Curcumin potentiated anticancer activity of capecitabine through the NF-κB pathway	[96]
Cancer	5-Fluorouracil/ Oxaliplatin	Curcumin	Gastric tumor volume was significantly reduced in mice when curcumin was added to a combination of 5-FU/oxiplatin combination.	[97]
Cancer	5-Fluorouracil	Resveratrol	Resveratrol potentiated 5-FU anticancer activity in skin cancer mouse model	[98]
Diabetic Neuropathy	Enalapril	α-Lipoic acid	Enalapril with LA prevented vascular and neuronal damage in diabetic rats	[99]
Ischemic Stroke	Etanercept	α-Lipoic acid	Etanercept with LA enhanced recovery in cerebral infarct, motor deficit and stroke	[100]
Schizophrenia	Clozapine	α-Lipoic acid	Clozapine with LA reversed schizophrenia-like symptoms in mice	[101]