Table 1.
Mouse mutants with de-silencing of retrotransposons (LINE1 and/or IAP) in male germ cells
| Protein | Mutant phenotype | De-repressed retrotransposons | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| piRNA pathway factors | |||
| PIWIL2 (MILI) | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 and IAP | [57, 98] |
| PIWIL1 (MIWI) | Spermiogenic arrest | LINE1 | [53] |
| PIWIL4 (MIWI2) | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 and IAP | [23, 57] |
| MOV10L1 | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 and IAP | [38, 99] |
| DDX4 (MVH) | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 and IAP | [100] |
| TDRD1 | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 | [31, 101] |
| TDRD5 | Spermiogenic arrest | LINE1 (incomplete penetrance) | [102] |
| TDRD9 | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 | [27] |
| TDRD12 | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 and IAP | [28] |
| TDRKH | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 | [50] |
| PLD6 | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 | [103] |
| ASZ1 (GASZ) | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 and IAP | [104] |
| MAEL | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 and IAP | [74] |
| FKBP6 | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 | [105] |
| Hsp90α | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 | [106, 107] |
| GTSF1 | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 and IAP | [108] |
| HENMT1 | Spermiogenic defect | LINE1 and IAP | [85] |
| Nct1/Nct2 (non-coding) | fertile | LINE1 | [82] |
| EXD1 | fertile | LINE1 (low penetrance) | [109] |
| Non-piRNA pathway factors | |||
| DNMT3L | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 and IAP | [11, 75] |
| MORC1 | Meiotic arrest | LINE1 and IAP | [72] |
| EHMT2 (G9a) | Meiotic arrest | Co-suppression of LINE1 | [62] |