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. 2016 Jul 21;14(3):331–344. doi: 10.1007/s10311-016-0571-5

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 3 — Diagram of model design (solid arrows with numbers) and stages for integrating microbial community descriptors (dashed arrows with letters). Stages correspond to (1) interactions between analysis of experimental/observed data that enable making hypotheses and hypotheses that influence future experiments, (2) translation of hypotheses into mathematical language, (3) model calibration and validation, (4a) simulations for testing hypotheses enabling (5) experiment/hypothesis interactions or (4b) for predictions, (A) search for best microbial community descriptors, (B) statistical learning, (C) coupling mechanistic modelling with statistical modelling, (D) sensitivity and uncertainty analyses, which help (E) in all model design