Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of hemodialysis patients at enrolment into a prospective study (n = 532) and their association with all-cause mortality.
| Parameter | Value | Association with all-cause mortalitya,b,c |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||
| Male gender, n, % of all | 297 (56.0) | 0.360 |
| Age at the beginning of the study, years | 61.2 (14.6–89.3) | <0.00001 |
| RRT vintage prior to the study onset, years | 2.2 (0.0–24.7) | 0.309 |
|
| ||
| Cause of ESRD | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy, n, % of all | 137 (25.8) | 0.0002 |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis, n, % of all | 96 (18.0) | 0.016 |
| Hypertensive nephropathy, n, % of all | 86 (16.2) | 0.512 |
| Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, n, % of all | 67 (12.6) | 0.981 |
| Polycystic kidney disease, n, % of all | 31 (5.8) | 0.014 |
| Kidney cancer, n, % of all | 8 (1.5) | — |
| Urological diseases other than kidney cancer, n, % of all | 28 (5.3) | — |
| Myeloma multiplex, n, % of all | 6 (1.1) | — |
| Amyloidosis, n, % of all | 7 (1.3) | — |
| Lupus nephritis, n, % of all | 2 (0.4) | — |
| Autoimmune connective tissue disorders other than lupus nephritis, n, % of all | 9 (1.7) | — |
| Systemic vasculitis, n, % of all | 4 (0.8) | — |
| Rare, n, % of all | 24 (4.5) | — |
| Unknown, n, % of all | 27 (5.1) | — |
|
| ||
| Clinical data | ||
| Coronary artery disease, n, % of all | 212 (39.8) | <0.00001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n, % of all | 218 (41.0) | 0.063 |
| History of HBV infection (anti-HBc positivity), n, % of all | 128 (24.1) | 0.303 |
| History of HCV infection (anti-HCV positivity), n, % of all | 59 (11.1) | 0.712 |
| HBsAg positivity, n, % of all | 15 (2.8) | 0.397 |
| HCV RNA positivity, n, % of all | 36 (6.8) | 0.664 |
| Positive anti-HBs, n, % of all | 457 (85.9) | 0.013 |
|
| ||
| Type of RRT | ||
| LF-HD, n, % of all | 277 (52.0) | 0.853 |
| HF-HD, n, % of all | 217 (40.8) | 0.390 |
| HDF, n, % of all | 38 (7.1) | 0.201 |
| HF-HD/HDF, n, % of all | 255 (47.9) | 0.853 |
| PD as the first modality of RRT, n, % of all | 17 (3.2) | 0.165 |
|
| ||
| Laboratory data | ||
| ALT, IU/L | 13.0 (2.0–131.0) | 0.863 |
| AST, IU/L | 14.0 (3.0–177.0) | 0.125 |
| GGT, IU/L | 26.0 (1.0–682) | 0.089 |
| ALP, U/L | 97.0 (38.3–1684) | 0.861 |
| PTH, pg/mL | 406 (12.7–3757) | 0.0001 |
| Ca, mg/dL | 8.9 (5.4–11.7) | 0.089 |
| P, mg/dL | 5.0 (2.2–11.3) | 0.052 |
aThe Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted only for uniform parameters exceeding 10 individual reports.
bA multiple P value or a P value calculated using the log rank test, as appropriate.
cAssociations were tested in relation to the tertiles of continuous variables.
ALP: alkaline phosphatase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, Anti-HBc: antibody to core antigen of hepatitis B virus, Anti-HCV: antibody to hepatitis C virus, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ESRD: end-stage renal disease, GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase, HBsAg: surface antigen of hepatitis B virus, HBV: hepatitis B virus, HCV: hepatitis C virus, HDF: hemodiafiltration, HF-HD: high flux hemodialysis, LF-HD: low flux hemodialysis, PD: peritoneal dialysis, PTH: parathyroid hormone, RNA: ribonucleic acid, and RRT: renal replacement therapy.
Conversion factors to SI units are as follows: for alanine aminotransferase, 1 U/L = 0.0167 µkat/L, for alkaline phosphatase, 1 U/L = 0.0167 µkat/L, for aspartate aminotransferase, 1 U/L = 0.0167 µkat/L, for calcium, 1 mg/dL = 0.25 mmol/L, for gamma-glutamyltransferase, 1 U/L = 0.0167 µkat/L, for parathyroid hormone, 1 pg/mL = 1 ng/L, and for phosphorus, 1 mg/dL = 0.323 mmol/L.