Table 2. Kinematic measures (mean and standard deviation) during reaching in the PRE, POST1, and POST2 sessions for the patient and the CG.
PRE session | POST1 session | POST2 session | CG | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Affected limb | Unaffected limb | Affected limb | Unaffected limb | Affected limb | Unaffected limb | ||
MD | |||||||
Total | 3.04 (0.13) | 1.86 (0.62) | 2.08 (0.08) | 1.57 (0.07) | 1.98 (0.09) | 1.60 (0.05) | 1.82 (0.15) |
Going | 1.38 (0.14) | 0.80 (0.09) | 0.84 (0.02) | 0.75 (0.12) | 0.89 (0.05) | 0.80 (0.08) | 0.82 (0.17) |
Adjusting | 0.53 (0.18) | 0.23 (0.03) | 0.24 (0.07) | 0.16 (0.04) | 0.22 (0.10) | 0.29 (0.05) | 0.28 (0.15) |
Returning | 1.12 (0.06) | 0.83 (0.06) | 0.75 (0.12) | 0.72 (0.04) | 0.84 (0.04) | 0.81 (0.04) | 0.75 (0.12) |
Velocity (m/s) | |||||||
MMV | 0.39 (0.18) | 0.58 (0.05) | 0.55 (0.02) | 0.65 (0.09) | 0.55 (0.03) | 0.61 (0.06) | 0.59 (0.14) |
Movement Smoothness and Precision | |||||||
IC | 1.43 (0.12) | 1.10 (0.03) | 1.23 (0.03) | 1.11 (0.02) | 1.22 (0.07) | 1.12 (0.03) | 1.09 (0.15) |
AJ (mm/s3) | 222.15 (11.33) | 229.48 (8.67) | 240.20 (19.15) | 249.20 (15.64) | 245.92 (17.11) | 245.27 (15.58) | 229.62 (14.60) |
NMU | 15.20 | 2.4 | 5.20 | 2.61 | 5.60 | 3.2 | 2.77 (1.45) |
Frequency of direction changes (Hz) | 5.19 | 5.06 | 4.36 | 8.02 | 4.41 | 6.77 | 6.92 (1.66) |
AS (mm) | 38.60 | 6.6 | 9.6 | 6.7 | 9.0 | 5.8 | 6.71 (3.10) |
Angles (°) | |||||||
ROM shoulder flexion-extension | 36.45 (3.49) | 34.91 (0.81) | 31.50 (1.71) | 43.8 (1.98) | 36.73 (2.10) | 45.32 (1.98) | 37.91 (3.40) |
ROM shoulder abduction-adduction | 13.88 (3.81) | 11.06 (2.54) | 12.22 (0.70) | 10.54 (1.32) | 17.71 (2.39) | 1.14 (1.76) | 8.82 (0.90) |
ROM elbow flexion-extension | 19.26 (3.10) | 22.81 (3.28) | 18.52 (1.66) | 19.81 (2.18) | 17.22 (2.30) | 19.43 (1.37) | 19.10 (5.51) |
PRE: before the treatment; POST1: after the last session; POST2: 6 months after the last session; CG: control group; MD: Movement Duration; MMV: Mean Movement Duration; IC: Index of Curvature; AJ: Average Jerk; AS: Adjusting Sway; NMU: Number of Movement Units; ROM: Range of Motion