Table 2.
Intervention Components
| No. of studies | Percentage of studiesa | |
|---|---|---|
| Multidisciplinary teams | ||
| Any | 32 | 26 |
| Palliative care team | 17 | 53 |
| Hospice care team | 4 | 13 |
| Otherb | 11 | 24 |
| Clinical disciplines of intervention personnel | ||
| Delivered by clinically trained individuals | 107 | 86 |
| Disciplines specified | 98 | 92 |
| Physicians | 45 | 46 |
| Nurses | 61 | 62 |
| Advanced practice nurses | 12 | 12 |
| Social workers | 21 | 21 |
| Chaplains | 14 | 14 |
| Mental health professionals | 22 | 22 |
| Intervention settings | ||
| Outpatient clinics | 47 | 38 |
| Home | 70 | 56 |
| Hospital | 18 | 15 |
| Nursing home | 6 | 5 |
| Residential care facilities | 4 | 3 |
| Not specified | 11 | 9 |
| Technology | ||
| Any technology | 59 | 48 |
| Telephone support | 51 | 86 |
| Telehealth, EHR-based tools, mobile computing, otherc | 16 | 27 |
| Intervention elements | ||
| Palliative care team | 17 | 14 |
| Inpatient consultation | 9 | 53 |
| Outpatient consultation | 13 | 76 |
| Hospice | 5 | 4 |
| Case management | 22 | 18 |
| Decision support | 9 | 7 |
| Family meetings | 2 | 2 |
| Advance directive completion | 6 | 5 |
| Intervention duration (days) | ||
| Duration described | 115 | 93 |
| One-time intervention | 19 | 17 |
| Sustained intervention | 96 | 83 |
| Minimum days | 3 | |
| Maximum days | 1826 | |
| Median days (IQR) | 91 (35–183) | |
a
Each percentage is calculated for each category in relation to its parent category.
b
“Other” includes a heterogeneous set of teams such as a heart failure management team and a multidisciplinary team for patients who did not yet qualify for palliative or hospice services. No two studies in this category used the same type of team.
c
“Other” includes a heterogeneous set of technological intervention components such as a technology-based heart failure monitoring system. No two studies included in the “other” category used the same technology component.
EHR, electronic health record; IQR, interquartile range.