Figure 2. Analysis of ANS fluorescence emission indicates that Cu²⁺ enhances KCTD1 hydrophobicity.

KCTD1 (0.4 μg/μl) was incubated in the presence or absence of Cu²⁺ (at pH 7.0) for 2 h at 37 °C. (a) Fluorescence spectra of KCTD1 with different Cu²⁺ concentrations (0, 20, 40, and 80 μM). (b) Peak fluorescence values at different Cu²⁺ concentrations as in (a). The data shown were the mean ± s.d. of 3 independent experiments. ***P < 0.001; t-test.